Version 1
: Received: 5 January 2022 / Approved: 11 January 2022 / Online: 11 January 2022 (14:08:02 CET)
How to cite:
Ludwig, H.; Dreha-Kulaczewski, S.; Bock, C. CSF Upward Motion Is Crucial for ETV Success. Preprints2022, 2022010148. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202201.0148.v1
Ludwig, H.; Dreha-Kulaczewski, S.; Bock, C. CSF Upward Motion Is Crucial for ETV Success. Preprints 2022, 2022010148. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202201.0148.v1
Ludwig, H.; Dreha-Kulaczewski, S.; Bock, C. CSF Upward Motion Is Crucial for ETV Success. Preprints2022, 2022010148. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202201.0148.v1
APA Style
Ludwig, H., Dreha-Kulaczewski, S., & Bock, C. (2022). CSF Upward Motion Is Crucial for ETV Success. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202201.0148.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Ludwig, H., Steffi Dreha-Kulaczewski and Christoph Bock. 2022 "CSF Upward Motion Is Crucial for ETV Success" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202201.0148.v1
Abstract
Purpose: ETV is indicated for treating obstructions of major CSF pathways. The outcome evaluation often yields success rates of only +- 70% for shunt independency. Hence, compromised CSF absorption seems to occur more often than expected. We searched for parameters suitable to assess the involved CSF dynamics. Material and Methods: This was a prospective study in 58 paediatric patients (7.7 yrs. mean age) between 2000 and 2020 with aqueductal stenosis (11/58), obstruction of the aqueduct due to tumor growth (22/58),and connatal hydrocephalus (9/58). The average follow-up interval was 4.7 years. Head circumferences, Evans- and fronto-occipital horn ratios before and 3 months after ETV were obtained as Delta-indices. Furthermore ETV success score (ETVSS), the patency of the aqueduct pre- and postoperatively as well as of the stoma were assessed by flow void signs on MRI. Evaluation on MRI also included the shape of the floor of the 3rd ventricle and whether or not the septum pellucidum showed signs of perforation. Four patients were analysed pre- and postoperatively via real-time MRI. At least the educational status regarding protected or unprotected education was analyzed. Results:The prevalence of a bowing of the floor of the 3rd ventricle was 72%, and the ETVSS was 71.0%. In 26 children a septal perforations or an open aqueduct prior to ETV (19) could be identified. Mean ER and FOHR were reduced by 0.03 and 0.05 , respectively. Maintained open (flow void on postop MRI) or perforation could successfully be carried out during endoscopic surgery in 44 patients (79%). The disproportionate increase of head circumference abated in 79.4% of patients. New shunt insertion occurred in 16 patients (27.5%). Intraoperatively upward CSF flow was detected in all cases. Statistical analyses(ANOVA) showed significant results for unprotected education, postoperative ER and FOHR but not for open stoma. Conclusion: The identification of flow through the stoma on postoperative MRI seems to be a necessary but not sufficient condition for ETV success. In our study, ventricular volumes were used as parameters to determine success rates as well as unprotected education. Furthermore, enabling upward CSF flow driven by inspiration seems crucial for successful ETV.
Medicine and Pharmacology, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
