Version 1
: Received: 21 December 2021 / Approved: 23 December 2021 / Online: 23 December 2021 (10:15:21 CET)
How to cite:
Abd Wahid, D.N.; Wan Mohamad Nazarie, W.F.; Jawan, R.; Abdulla, R.; Gansau, J.A.; Sabullah, M.K. Potential Existence of Heavy Metal Pollution and Pesticide in Honey-Based Products. Preprints2021, 2021120379. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202112.0379.v1
Abd Wahid, D.N.; Wan Mohamad Nazarie, W.F.; Jawan, R.; Abdulla, R.; Gansau, J.A.; Sabullah, M.K. Potential Existence of Heavy Metal Pollution and Pesticide in Honey-Based Products. Preprints 2021, 2021120379. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202112.0379.v1
Abd Wahid, D.N.; Wan Mohamad Nazarie, W.F.; Jawan, R.; Abdulla, R.; Gansau, J.A.; Sabullah, M.K. Potential Existence of Heavy Metal Pollution and Pesticide in Honey-Based Products. Preprints2021, 2021120379. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202112.0379.v1
APA Style
Abd Wahid, D.N., Wan Mohamad Nazarie, W.F., Jawan, R., Abdulla, R., Gansau, J.A., & Sabullah, M.K. (2021). Potential Existence of Heavy Metal Pollution and Pesticide in Honey-Based Products. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202112.0379.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Abd Wahid, D.N., Jualang Azlan Gansau and Mohd Khalizan Sabullah. 2021 "Potential Existence of Heavy Metal Pollution and Pesticide in Honey-Based Products" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202112.0379.v1
Abstract
Over the centuries, honey is known for its superior usage in culinary, and for its rich nutrition and therapeutic values which are scientifically proven in the medical field. The chemical composition of honey varies depending on its botanical sources and environment. Therefore, the nutrition content in honey is highly likely to be affected by contaminants, such as heavy metals and pesticides. To ensure the quality of honey, parameters such as the heavy metal content should be within the safe range of total standard mineral and trace elements as defined by the International Food Standard (Codex Alimentarius), and pesticides should not be present at all. The high concentration of heavy metal and pesticides not only deteriorates the quality and quantity of honey, but also causes harm to the bee colony itself. In the agriculture sector, the excessive usage of pesticides and fertilizer negatively impacts the overall honey production process. Bees, a pollinating agent, bring the polluted nectar back to their beehives, eventually contaminating the honey and depreciating its value. Hence, this article will comprehensively review the activities that contribute to heavy metal and pesticide contamination, the interactions of bees as a pollinating agent, the impact of the pollutant to the colonies, and subsequently to the honey production.
Keywords
heavy metal; pesticides; honey bee; trace elements
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Agricultural Science and Agronomy
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
