PreprintArticleVersion 1Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed
Low-Phosphate Meals Accompanied by a Minimum Dose of CaCO3 Downregulates Pro-inflammation by Reducing CKD-MBD Indicators and Triggers by Decreasing Dietary Phosphate Intake
Version 1
: Received: 22 November 2021 / Approved: 24 November 2021 / Online: 24 November 2021 (15:27:03 CET)
How to cite:
Chen, B.Y.; Wu, M.; Chin, M.; Wu, M.; Chen, J. Low-Phosphate Meals Accompanied by a Minimum Dose of CaCO3 Downregulates Pro-inflammation by Reducing CKD-MBD Indicators and Triggers by Decreasing Dietary Phosphate Intake. Preprints2021, 2021110460. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202111.0460.v1
Chen, B.Y.; Wu, M.; Chin, M.; Wu, M.; Chen, J. Low-Phosphate Meals Accompanied by a Minimum Dose of CaCO3 Downregulates Pro-inflammation by Reducing CKD-MBD Indicators and Triggers by Decreasing Dietary Phosphate Intake. Preprints 2021, 2021110460. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202111.0460.v1
Chen, B.Y.; Wu, M.; Chin, M.; Wu, M.; Chen, J. Low-Phosphate Meals Accompanied by a Minimum Dose of CaCO3 Downregulates Pro-inflammation by Reducing CKD-MBD Indicators and Triggers by Decreasing Dietary Phosphate Intake. Preprints2021, 2021110460. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202111.0460.v1
APA Style
Chen, B.Y., Wu, M., Chin, M., Wu, M., & Chen, J. (2021). Low-Phosphate Meals Accompanied by a Minimum Dose of CaCO<sub>3</sub> Downregulates Pro-inflammation by Reducing CKD-MBD Indicators and Triggers by Decreasing Dietary Phosphate Intake. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202111.0460.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Chen, B.Y., Mai-Szu Wu and Jiun-Rong Chen. 2021 "Low-Phosphate Meals Accompanied by a Minimum Dose of CaCO<sub>3</sub> Downregulates Pro-inflammation by Reducing CKD-MBD Indicators and Triggers by Decreasing Dietary Phosphate Intake" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202111.0460.v1
Abstract
High dietary phosphate intake and poor adherence to phosphate-binding-therapy elevate the risk of hyperphosphatemia in maintenance hemodialysis (HD; MHD) patients. Therefore, chronic kidney disease-related mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) indicators increase; consequently, risks of CKD-MBDs and inflammation are elevated. This double-blind, randomized control trial intervention study was designed to investigate the possibility of reducing blood CKD-MBD indicators and modulating inflammatory indicators by consuming low-phosphate (LP) meals accompanied by a minimum dose of a calcium-based phosphate binder (CaCO3). MHD patients were recruited and randomly assigned to an LP meal group (LP group) or a control group. After initial data collection, blood collection, and dietary counseling, subjects were asked to consume a washout diet for 1 week. During the washout diet period, subjects consumed their usual diet but took 1 tablet of calcium carbonate (1CaCO3) as a phosphate binder with each meal. After the washout diet period, subjects in the LP group and control group respectively consumed LP meals and regular meals twice a day for 1 week. Meat in the LP meals was boiled before the regular cooking process, but meat in control meals was not. All meals were supplied by a central kitchen so that the contents of phosphate and other nutrients could be identified. In total, 40 MHD patients completed the study program. After 1 week of the dietary intervention, the blood Ca x P product and dietary phosphate had significantly decreased in the LP group compared to the control group (p<0.05). The LP group had significantly lower variations in dietary phosphate intake, blood calcium, Ca x P product, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α than the control group by comparing differences between after the dietary intervention and the baseline (△after intervention - baseline, p<0.05). The increase in dietary phosphate intake (△3rd - 2nd dietary phosphate intake) augmented the increase in the TNF-α level by 6.24-fold (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 6.24 [1.12~34.92], p<0.05). These results highlighted the conclusion that LP meals accompanied by a minimum dose of CaCO3 downregulated pro-inflammation by reducing CKD-MBD indicators which was triggered by decreasing dietary phosphate intake.
Keywords
Maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patient; Low-phosphate meal; CKD-MBD (chronic kidney disease-related mineral and bone disorder); Proinflammatory cytokine; TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha)
Subject
Medicine and Pharmacology, Dietetics and Nutrition
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
