Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Environmental Pollution to Blame for Depressive Disorder?

Mariana Segovia-Mendoza
ORCID logo ,
Margarita Isabel Palacios-Arreola
,
Lenin Pavón
,
Enrique Becerril
,
Karen Elizabeth Nava-Castro
ORCID logo ,
Omar Amador
,
Jorge Morales-Montor
* ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 15 November 2021 / Approved: 16 November 2021 / Online: 16 November 2021 (09:53:20 CET)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Segovia-Mendoza, M.; Palacios-Arreola, M.I.; Pavón, L.; Becerril, L.E.; Nava-Castro, K.E.; Amador-Muñoz, O.; Morales-Montor, J. Environmental Pollution to Blame for Depressive Disorder? Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 1737. Segovia-Mendoza, M.; Palacios-Arreola, M.I.; Pavón, L.; Becerril, L.E.; Nava-Castro, K.E.; Amador-Muñoz, O.; Morales-Montor, J. Environmental Pollution to Blame for Depressive Disorder? Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 1737.

Abstract

Public concern has emerged about the effects of endocrine disruptor compounds (EDCs) on neuropsychiatric disorders. Preclinical evidence suggests that exposure to EDCs is associated with the development of the major depressive disorder (MDD) and could result in neural degeneration. The interaction of EDCs with hormonal receptors is the best-described mechanism of their biological activity. However, the dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal adrenal axis has been reported and linked to neurological disorders. On the other hand, at a worldwide level and in Mexico, the incidence of MDD has recently been increasing. Of note, in Mexico, there are no clinical associations on blood levels of EDCs and the incidence of the MDD. Methodology: Thus, we quantified for the first time the serum levels of parent compounds of two bisphenols and four phthalates in patients with MDD. Results: The levels of di-ethyl-hexyl-phthalate (DEHP), butyl-benzyl-phthalate (BBP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), and di-ethyl-phthalate (DEP), bisphenol A (BPA), and bisphenol S (BPS) were determined with a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer. Results/ conclusion: We found significant differences between concentrations of BBP between controls and patients with MDD.

Keywords

depression; serum levels; phthalates; bisphenols

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Endocrinology and Metabolism

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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