Version 1
: Received: 20 October 2021 / Approved: 21 October 2021 / Online: 21 October 2021 (12:47:13 CEST)
How to cite:
Ayariga, J.A.; Gildea, L.; Villafane, R. Ɛ34 Phage Tailspike Protein is Resistant to Trypsin and Inhibits and Salmonella Biofilm Formation. Preprints2021, 2021100308. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202110.0308.v1
Ayariga, J.A.; Gildea, L.; Villafane, R. Ɛ34 Phage Tailspike Protein is Resistant to Trypsin and Inhibits and Salmonella Biofilm Formation. Preprints 2021, 2021100308. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202110.0308.v1
Ayariga, J.A.; Gildea, L.; Villafane, R. Ɛ34 Phage Tailspike Protein is Resistant to Trypsin and Inhibits and Salmonella Biofilm Formation. Preprints2021, 2021100308. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202110.0308.v1
APA Style
Ayariga, J.A., Gildea, L., & Villafane, R. (2021). Ɛ34 Phage Tailspike Protein is Resistant to Trypsin and Inhibits and Salmonella Biofilm Formation. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202110.0308.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Ayariga, J.A., Logan Gildea and Robert Villafane. 2021 "Ɛ34 Phage Tailspike Protein is Resistant to Trypsin and Inhibits and Salmonella Biofilm Formation" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202110.0308.v1
Abstract
Salmonella can cause acute and chronic infections in humans. Salmonella species are known to cause food poisoning and other diseases in developing countries. Their role in the pathogenesis of these diseases has received increased international attention. Despite numerous advances in sanitation, they still can infect humans and cause outbreaks in developed countries. For example, Salmonella causes about 1.2 million illnesses in the US each year with over 450 deaths. Additionally, Salmonella outbreaks cause significant losses to chicken producers globally. The Salmonella species is also prone to acquiring resistance to various classes of antibiotics. Hence, the need for a paradigm shift from antibiotics to bacteriophages to manage, control and treat bacterial infections. The ɛ34 phage belongs to Podoviruses and categorized into the P22-like phages. The P22-like phages include ɛ34, ES18, P22, ST104, and ST64T. In this work, we investigated the antibacterial property of ɛ34 phage tailspike protein against Salmonella newington (S. newington). We demonstrate here that, the phage’s tailspike protein enzymatic property as a LPS hydrolase synergizes with Vero Cell culture supernatant in killing S. newington. Using decellularized cartilage scaffold as an ex vivo tissue model, the ɛ34 TSP protected the scaffold from S. newington biofilm formation. Computational analysis of the ɛ34 TSP interaction with membrane proteins of S. newington demonstrated a higher probability (0.7318) of binding to ompA of S. newington, and when docked to ompA extracellular component, it produced a high free energy of -11.3kcal/mol. We also demonstrate the resistance/sensitivity of the tailspike to the digestive enzyme trypsin. The data obtained in this work indicates that the trypsin resistant tailspike protein of Ɛ34 phage can be formulated as a novel antibacterial agent against S. newington.
Biology and Life Sciences, Immunology and Microbiology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
