Ben-Hakoun, E.; Van De Voorde, E.; Shiftan, Y. Trends in Emission Inventory of Marine Traffic for Port of Haifa. Sustainability2022, 14, 908.
Ben-Hakoun, E.; Van De Voorde, E.; Shiftan, Y. Trends in Emission Inventory of Marine Traffic for Port of Haifa. Sustainability 2022, 14, 908.
Ben-Hakoun, E.; Van De Voorde, E.; Shiftan, Y. Trends in Emission Inventory of Marine Traffic for Port of Haifa. Sustainability2022, 14, 908.
Ben-Hakoun, E.; Van De Voorde, E.; Shiftan, Y. Trends in Emission Inventory of Marine Traffic for Port of Haifa. Sustainability 2022, 14, 908.
Abstract
This research investigates Haifa ports emissions’ contribution to the existing daily emission inventory level in the area. This research based on developed full bottom-up model framework that looks at the single vessel daily voyage through its port call stages. The main data sources for vessels movements used in this research are the Israel Navy`s movements log and Israel Administration of Shipping and Ports’ (ASP) operational vessel movements and cargo log. The Fuel Consumption (FC) data and Sulfur Content (SC) levels are based on an official Israel ASP survey data. Observation years in this research are 2010 - 2018 with focus on the Ocean-Going Vessels (OGV) type only. The results show that the vessel fleet calling at Israel ports is mainly vessels that have a lower engine Tier grade (i.e., Tier 0 and 1) which is considered a heavy contributor to Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) pollutant. The study recommends on an additional cost charged (selective tariff) to reflect the external social cost linked to the single vessel air pollution combined with supportive technological infrastructure and economic incentive tools (e.g. electric subsidy) to attract or influence vessel owners to assign vessels equipped with new engine Tier grades for calls at Israeli ports.
Keywords
The Daily Port Emission Inventory; Vessel Selective Tariff; Haifa Port Emission Inventory; Ship Selective Tariff
Subject
Environmental and Earth Sciences, Environmental Science
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
