Preprint Review Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Current Status of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Type II Diabetes

Sagir Mustapha
ORCID logo ,
Mustapha Mohammed
,
Ahmad Khusairi Azemi
ORCID logo ,
Abubakar Ibrahim Jatau
ORCID logo ,
Aishatu Shehu
,
Lukman Mustapha
,
Muazzamu Aliyu
,
Rabi’u Nuhu Danraka
,
Abdulbasit Amin
,
Auwal Adam Bala
,
Wan Amir Nizam Wan Ahmad
ORCID logo ,
Aida Hanum Ghulam Rasool
,
Mohd Rais Mustafa
,
Siti Safiah Mokhtar
*
Version 1 : Received: 4 June 2021 / Approved: 8 June 2021 / Online: 8 June 2021 (13:07:30 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Mustapha, S.; Mohammed, M.; Azemi, A.K.; Jatau, A.I.; Shehu, A.; Mustapha, L.; Aliyu, I.M.; Danraka, R.N.; Amin, A.; Bala, A.A.; Ahmad, W.A.N.W.; Rasool, A.H.G.; Mustafa, M.R.; Mokhtar, S.S. Current Status of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Type II Diabetes. Molecules 2021, 26, 4362. Mustapha, S.; Mohammed, M.; Azemi, A.K.; Jatau, A.I.; Shehu, A.; Mustapha, L.; Aliyu, I.M.; Danraka, R.N.; Amin, A.; Bala, A.A.; Ahmad, W.A.N.W.; Rasool, A.H.G.; Mustafa, M.R.; Mokhtar, S.S. Current Status of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Type II Diabetes. Molecules 2021, 26, 4362.

Abstract

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays a multifunctional role in lipid biosynthesis, calcium storage, protein folding, and processing. Thus, maintaining ER homeostasis in insulin-secreting beta-cells is essential. Several pathophysiological conditions and pharmacological agents disrupt the ER homeostasis, thereby causing ER stress. The cells react to ER stress by initiating an adaptive signaling process called the unfolded protein response (UPR). However, the ER initiates death signaling pathways whenever the ER stress persists. ER stress has been linked to several diseases, such as cancers, obesity, and diabetes. Thus, the regulation of ER stress may provide possible therapeutic targets for many diseases. Current evidence suggests that chronic hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia linked to type II diabetes disrupt ER homeostasis, resulting in irreversible UPR activation and cells death. Despite much progress in understanding the pathophysiology of UPR and ER stress, to date, the mechanisms of ER stress in relation to type II diabetes remain unclear. This review provided up-to-date information regarding the current status of UPR, ER stress mechanisms, insulin dysfunction, oxidative stress, and the therapeutic potential of targeting specific ER stress pathways.

Keywords

endoplasmic reticulum; endoplasmic reticulum stress; apoptosis; homeostasis; unfolded protein response; type II diabetes

Subject

Medicine and Pharmacology, Immunology and Allergy

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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