Gajewski, T.; Garbowski, T.; Staszak, N.; Kuca, M. Crushing of Double-Walled Corrugated Board and Its Influence on the Load Capacity of Various Boxes. Energies2021, 14, 4321.
Gajewski, T.; Garbowski, T.; Staszak, N.; Kuca, M. Crushing of Double-Walled Corrugated Board and Its Influence on the Load Capacity of Various Boxes. Energies 2021, 14, 4321.
Gajewski, T.; Garbowski, T.; Staszak, N.; Kuca, M. Crushing of Double-Walled Corrugated Board and Its Influence on the Load Capacity of Various Boxes. Energies2021, 14, 4321.
Gajewski, T.; Garbowski, T.; Staszak, N.; Kuca, M. Crushing of Double-Walled Corrugated Board and Its Influence on the Load Capacity of Various Boxes. Energies 2021, 14, 4321.
Abstract
As long as the non-contact digital printing is not a common standard in the corrugated packaging industry, corrugated board crushing is a real issue that affects the load capacity of the boxes. Crushing mainly occurs during the converting of corrugated board (e.g. analog flexographic printing or laminating) and is a process that cannot be avoided. However, as show in this study, it can be controlled. In this work, extended laboratory tests were carried out on the crushing of double-walled corrugated board. The influence of fully controlled crushing (with a precision: ±10 μm) in the range from 10 to 70 % on different laboratory measurements was checked. Most of the typical mechanical tests were performed e.g. edge crush test, four-point bending test, shear stiffness test, torsional stiffness test, etc. on reference and crushed specimens. The residual thickness reduction of the crushed samples was also controlled. All empirical observations and performed measurements were the basis for building an analytical model of crushed corrugated board. The proven and verified model was then used to study the crushing effect of the selected corrugated board on the efficiency of simple packages with various dimensions.
Keywords
corrugated cardboard; converting; crushing; numerical homogenization; strain energy equivalence; finite element method; shell structures; transverse shear
Subject
Chemistry and Materials Science, Biomaterials
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
