Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

The Mucosal Barrier and Anti-Viral Immune Responses can Eliminate Portions of the Viral Population during Transmission and Early Viral Growth

Athena E. Golfinos
,
Dane D. Gellerup
,
Hannah Schweigert
,
Jaffna Mathiaparanam
,
Alexis J. Balgeman
,
Andrea M. Weiler
,
Thomas C. Friedrich
,
Brandon F. Keele
,
Miles P. Davenport
,
Vanessa Venturi
,
Shelby L. O'Connor
* ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 7 May 2021 / Approved: 10 May 2021 / Online: 10 May 2021 (15:01:31 CEST)

How to cite: Golfinos, A. E.; Gellerup, D. D.; Schweigert, H.; Mathiaparanam, J.; Balgeman, A. J.; Weiler, A. M.; Friedrich, T. C.; Keele, B. F.; Davenport, M. P.; Venturi, V.; O'Connor, S. L. The Mucosal Barrier and Anti-Viral Immune Responses can Eliminate Portions of the Viral Population during Transmission and Early Viral Growth. Preprints 2021, 2021050206. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202105.0206.v1 Golfinos, A. E.; Gellerup, D. D.; Schweigert, H.; Mathiaparanam, J.; Balgeman, A. J.; Weiler, A. M.; Friedrich, T. C.; Keele, B. F.; Davenport, M. P.; Venturi, V.; O'Connor, S. L. The Mucosal Barrier and Anti-Viral Immune Responses can Eliminate Portions of the Viral Population during Transmission and Early Viral Growth. Preprints 2021, 2021050206. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202105.0206.v1

Abstract

Little is known about how individual virus lineages replicating during acute Human Immunodeficiency Virus or Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV/SIV) infection persist into chronic infection. In this study, we use molecularly barcoded SIV (SIVmac239M) to track distinct viral lineages for 12 weeks after intravenous and intrarectal challenge in macaques. Two Mafa-A1*063+ cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) were challenged intravenously (IV), and two Mamu-A1*001+ rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) were challenged intrarectally (IR) with 200,000 Infectious Units (IU) of SIVmac239M. We deep sequenced the molecular barcode from all animals over 12 weeks to characterize the diversity and persistence of virus lineages, as well as the sequences of T cell epitopes during acute SIV infection. During the first three weeks post-infection, we found ~175-950 times more unique virus lineages circulating in the animals challenged intravenously than those challenged intrarectally, suggesting that challenge route is the primary driver restricting the transmission of individual viral lineages. Additionally, the emergence of escape variants can occur on multiple virus templates simultaneously, but elimination of some templates is likely a consequence of additional host factors. These data imply that virus lineages present during acute infection can be eliminated from the virus population even after initial T cell selection.

Keywords

Simian Immunodeficiency Virus; SIVmac239; barcoded viruses; intravenous challenge; intrarectal challenge

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Anatomy and Physiology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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