Version 1
: Received: 13 March 2021 / Approved: 15 March 2021 / Online: 15 March 2021 (13:46:58 CET)
Version 2
: Received: 17 March 2021 / Approved: 18 March 2021 / Online: 18 March 2021 (10:52:30 CET)
How to cite:
Hwang, J. Origins of Stellar Mass Neutron Black Holes, Supermassive Dark Matter Black Holes and Universe Evolution. Preprints2021, 2021030391 (doi: 10.20944/preprints202103.0391.v2).
Hwang, J. Origins of Stellar Mass Neutron Black Holes, Supermassive Dark Matter Black Holes and Universe Evolution. Preprints 2021, 2021030391 (doi: 10.20944/preprints202103.0391.v2).
Cite as:
Hwang, J. Origins of Stellar Mass Neutron Black Holes, Supermassive Dark Matter Black Holes and Universe Evolution. Preprints2021, 2021030391 (doi: 10.20944/preprints202103.0391.v2).
Hwang, J. Origins of Stellar Mass Neutron Black Holes, Supermassive Dark Matter Black Holes and Universe Evolution. Preprints 2021, 2021030391 (doi: 10.20944/preprints202103.0391.v2).
Abstract
The origins of the stellar mass neutron black holes and supermassive dark matter black holes without the singularities are reported based on the 4-D Euclidean space. The neutron black holes with the mass of mBH = 5 – 15 msun are made by the 6-quark merged states (N6q) of two neutrons with the mass (m(N6q) = 10 m(n)) of 9.4 GeV/c2 that gives the black hole mass gap of mBH = 3 – 5 msun. Also, the supermassive black holes with the mass of mSMBH = 106 – 1011 msun are made by the merged 3-D states (J(B1B2B3)3 particles) of the dark matters. The supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky way galaxy has the mass of mSMBH = 4.1 106 msun that is consistent with mSMBH = 2.08 - 6.23 106 msun calculated from the 3-D states (J(B1B2B3)3 particles) of the dark matters with the mass of m(J) = 1.95 1015 eV/c2. In other words, this supports the existence of the B1, B2 and B3 dark matters with the proposed masses. The first dark matter black hole (primary black hole) was created at the big bang. This first dark matter black hole decayed to the supermassive dark matter black holes through the secondary dark matter black holes that are explained by the merged states of the J(B1B2B3)3 particles. The universe evolution is closely connected to the decaying process of the dark matter black holes since the big bang. The dark matter cloud states are proposed at the intermediate mass black hole range of mIMBH = 102 – 105 msun. This can explain why the dark matter black holes are not observed at the intermediate mass black hole range of mIMBH = 102 – 105 msun.
Keywords
Neutron black holes; dark matter black holes; black hole mass gap; universe evolution
Subject
PHYSICAL SCIENCES, Particle & Field Physics
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received:
18 March 2021
Commenter:
Jae-Kwang Hwang
Commenter's Conflict of Interests:
Author
Comment:
Only Fig. 4 is corrected in the present modified version. Rest of the paper is the same. In Fig. 4, the big bang and inflation are clearly shown for the readers. So, could you please replace the version 1 with this revised version if possible? Then, you do not have to make the version 2 of the paper on line.
Commenter: Jae-Kwang Hwang
Commenter's Conflict of Interests: Author
In Fig. 4, the big bang and inflation are clearly shown for the readers.
So, could you please replace the version 1 with this revised version if possible?
Then, you do not have to make the version 2 of the paper on line.