Version 1
: Received: 2 March 2021 / Approved: 3 March 2021 / Online: 3 March 2021 (11:36:33 CET)
Version 2
: Received: 1 May 2021 / Approved: 5 May 2021 / Online: 5 May 2021 (12:38:46 CEST)
Koenig, J. F.; Bruton, K.; Phelps, A.; Grydziuszko, E.; Jiménez-Saiz, R.; Jordana, M. Memory Generation and Re-Activation in Food Allergy. ImmunoTargets and Therapy, 2021, Volume 10, 171–184. https://doi.org/10.2147/itt.s284823.
Koenig, J. F.; Bruton, K.; Phelps, A.; Grydziuszko, E.; Jiménez-Saiz, R.; Jordana, M. Memory Generation and Re-Activation in Food Allergy. ImmunoTargets and Therapy, 2021, Volume 10, 171–184. https://doi.org/10.2147/itt.s284823.
Koenig, J. F.; Bruton, K.; Phelps, A.; Grydziuszko, E.; Jiménez-Saiz, R.; Jordana, M. Memory Generation and Re-Activation in Food Allergy. ImmunoTargets and Therapy, 2021, Volume 10, 171–184. https://doi.org/10.2147/itt.s284823.
Koenig, J. F.; Bruton, K.; Phelps, A.; Grydziuszko, E.; Jiménez-Saiz, R.; Jordana, M. Memory Generation and Re-Activation in Food Allergy. ImmunoTargets and Therapy, 2021, Volume 10, 171–184. https://doi.org/10.2147/itt.s284823.
Abstract
Recent evidence has highlighted the critical role of memory cells in maintaining lifelong food allergies, thereby identifying these cells as therapeutic targets. IgG+ memory B cells replenish pools of IgE-secreting cells upon allergen exposure, which contract thereafter due to the short lifespan of tightly regulated IgE-expressing cells. Advances in the detection and highly dimensional analysis of allergen-specific B and T cells from allergic patients have provided insight on their phenotype and function. The newly identified Th2A and Tfh13 populations represent a leap in our understanding of allergen-specific T cell phenotypes, though how these populations contribute to IgE memory responses remains poorly understood. Within, we discuss the mechanisms by which memory B and T cells are activated, integrating knowledge from human systems and fundamental research. We then focus on memory reactivation; specifically, on the pathways of secondary IgE responses. Throughout, we identify areas of future research which will help identify immunotargets for a transformative therapy for food allergy.
Keywords
food allergy; IgE; memory responses; anaphylaxis; B cells; T cells;
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.