Memory Generation and Re-Activation in Food Allergy

Joshua F.E. Koenig; Kelly Bruton; Allyssa Phelps; Emily Grydziuszko; Rodrigo Jiménez-Saiz; Manel Jordana

doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0127.v1

Preprint Review Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Version 1 : Received: 2 March 2021 / Approved: 3 March 2021 / Online: 3 March 2021 (11:36:33 CET)
Version 2 : Received: 1 May 2021 / Approved: 5 May 2021 / Online: 5 May 2021 (12:38:46 CEST)

Recent evidence has highlighted the critical role of memory cells in maintaining lifelong food allergies, thereby identifying these cells as therapeutic targets. IgG⁺memory B cells replenish pools of IgE-secreting cells upon allergen exposure, which contract thereafter due to the short lifespan of tightly regulated IgE-expressing cells. Advances in the detection and highly dimensional analysis of allergen-specific B and T cells from allergic patients have provided insight on their phenotype and function. The newly identified Th2A and Tfh13 populations represent a leap in our understanding of allergen-specific T cell phenotypes, though how these populations contribute to IgE memory responses remains poorly understood. Within, we discuss the mechanisms by which memory B and T cells are activated, integrating knowledge from human systems and fundamental research. We then focus on memory reactivation; specifically, on the pathways of secondary IgE responses. Throughout, we identify areas of future research which will help identify immunotargets for a transformative therapy for food allergy.

food allergy; IgE; memory responses; anaphylaxis; B cells; T cells;

LIFE SCIENCES, Biochemistry

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Memory Generation and Re-Activation in Food Allergy

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