Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Xylo-Oligosaccharides in Prevention of Hepatic Steatosis and Adipose Tissue Inflammation: Associating Taxonomic and Metabolomic Patterns in Fecal Microbiomes with Biclustering

Jukka Hintikka
* ,
Sanna Lensu
ORCID logo ,
Elina Mäkinen
,
Sira Karvinen
,
Marjaana Honkanen
,
Jere Linden
ORCID logo ,
Tim Garrels
,
Satu Pekkala
* ,
Leo Lahti
ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 26 February 2021 / Approved: 1 March 2021 / Online: 1 March 2021 (12:28:31 CET)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Hintikka, J.; Lensu, S.; Mäkinen, E.; Karvinen, S.; Honkanen, M.; Lindén, J.; Garrels, T.; Pekkala, S.; Lahti, L. Xylo-Oligosaccharides in Prevention of Hepatic Steatosis and Adipose Tissue Inflammation: Associating Taxonomic and Metabolomic Patterns in Fecal Microbiomes with Biclustering. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 4049. Hintikka, J.; Lensu, S.; Mäkinen, E.; Karvinen, S.; Honkanen, M.; Lindén, J.; Garrels, T.; Pekkala, S.; Lahti, L. Xylo-Oligosaccharides in Prevention of Hepatic Steatosis and Adipose Tissue Inflammation: Associating Taxonomic and Metabolomic Patterns in Fecal Microbiomes with Biclustering. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 4049.

Abstract

We have shown that prebiotic xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) increased beneficial gut microbiota (GM) and prevented high fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis, but the mechanisms behind these effects are not clear. We studied whether XOS affects adipose tissue inflammation and insulin signaling, and whether the GM and fecal metabolome explain associated patterns. XOS was supplemented or not with high (HFD) or low (LFD) fat diet for 12-weeks in male Wistar rats (n = 10/group). Previously analyzed GM and fecal metabolites were biclustered to reduce data dimensionality and identify interpretable groups of co-occurring genera and metabolites. Based on our findings, biclustering provides a useful algorithmic method for capturing such joint signatures. On the HFD, XOS-supplemented rats showed lower number of adipose tissue crown-like structures, increased phosphorylation of AKT in liver and adipose tissue as well as lower expression of hepatic miRNAs. XOS-supplemented rats had more fecal glycine and less hypoxanthine, isovalerate, branched chain amino acids and aromatic amino acids. Several bacterial genera were associated with the metabolic signatures. In conclusion, the beneficial effects of XOS on hepatic steatosis involved decreased adipose tissue inflammation and likely improved insulin signaling, which were further associated with fecal metabolites and GM.

Keywords

non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; xylo-oligosaccharides; metabolites; gut microbiota; biclustering; high fat diet; microRNAs; rats

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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