Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Origins of the Time, Mass, Energy, Wave Function, Electric Charges, and Magnetic Monopoles

Version 1 : Received: 16 February 2021 / Approved: 17 February 2021 / Online: 17 February 2021 (13:07:10 CET)

How to cite: Hwang, J. Origins of the Time, Mass, Energy, Wave Function, Electric Charges, and Magnetic Monopoles. Preprints 2021, 2021020392. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202102.0392.v1 Hwang, J. Origins of the Time, Mass, Energy, Wave Function, Electric Charges, and Magnetic Monopoles. Preprints 2021, 2021020392. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202102.0392.v1

Abstract

Origins of the time, mass, electric charges and magnetic monopoles are explained. The energies, electric charges and magnetic charges of the particles are defined as E = cDtDV and |q| = cDt = E/DV, and |qm| = c2Dt, respectively, for the 3-D quantized spaces warped along the time axis direction of ct in the 4-D Euclidean space. The energy (or mass) and charges (or electric charges and magnetic charges) are the vectors along the time axis of ct in the 4-D Euclidean space. This new concept is closely connected to the wave function of the quantum mechanics. The electric charges, magnetic charges and energies have the property of the space direction independence. Magnetic monopoles (charges) are the force carrying bosons with the inside electric field time loop. Electric monopoles are the elementary fermions. Photon space fluctuations are explained with the quantized magnetic charges.

Keywords

Quantized magnetic monopoles; origins of the physical constants; Photon space fluctuations; 3-D quantized space model; 4-D Euclidean space

Subject

Physical Sciences, Particle and Field Physics

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