Version 1
: Received: 20 January 2021 / Approved: 22 January 2021 / Online: 22 January 2021 (08:41:48 CET)
How to cite:
Wang, Y.; Chen, F.; He, J.; Chen, L.; Xue, G.; Zhao, Y.; Peng, Y.; Chen, J.; Xie, P. Mid-Miocene Formation of the Yangtze River-Lake System Revealed by Ancestral Spawning Reconstruction of Endemic Cyprinids. Preprints2021, 2021010433 (doi: 10.20944/preprints202101.0433.v1).
Wang, Y.; Chen, F.; He, J.; Chen, L.; Xue, G.; Zhao, Y.; Peng, Y.; Chen, J.; Xie, P. Mid-Miocene Formation of the Yangtze River-Lake System Revealed by Ancestral Spawning Reconstruction of Endemic Cyprinids. Preprints 2021, 2021010433 (doi: 10.20944/preprints202101.0433.v1).
Cite as:
Wang, Y.; Chen, F.; He, J.; Chen, L.; Xue, G.; Zhao, Y.; Peng, Y.; Chen, J.; Xie, P. Mid-Miocene Formation of the Yangtze River-Lake System Revealed by Ancestral Spawning Reconstruction of Endemic Cyprinids. Preprints2021, 2021010433 (doi: 10.20944/preprints202101.0433.v1).
Wang, Y.; Chen, F.; He, J.; Chen, L.; Xue, G.; Zhao, Y.; Peng, Y.; Chen, J.; Xie, P. Mid-Miocene Formation of the Yangtze River-Lake System Revealed by Ancestral Spawning Reconstruction of Endemic Cyprinids. Preprints 2021, 2021010433 (doi: 10.20944/preprints202101.0433.v1).
Abstract
The Yangtze River is cross-linked with numerous lakes within its floodplain and is a worldwide biodiversity hotspot. There is no evidence indicating when this unique river-lake system developed. The endemic East Asian cyprinid clade has evolved diverse spawning adaptations to different flow conditions. Our ancestral egg-type reconstruction showed an ancestral state of adhesive eggs and later demersal eggs origination (both stream adaptations). Semi-buoyant eggs emerged ~18 Mya as a fast-flowing river adaptation, with increased hydration via three yolk protein degradation pathways, ion transport pathways and egg envelope permeability transition pores. Adhesive eggs evolved secondarily ~14 Mya with the egg envelope increasing to four layers and an adhesive layer, along with an increase in adhesiveness via microfilament/adhesive-related protein crosslinking and enhanced glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, improving adherence to submerged lake plants, indicating that the cross-linked river-lake system formed in the mid-Miocene. This study provides a unique biological evidence for large-scale water system evolution.
Subject Areas
Formation of the Yangtze river-lake system, Mid-Miocene, ancestral egg-type reconstruction, endemic cyprinids
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Yeke Wang
,
Ping Xie
*
