Version 1
: Received: 20 January 2021 / Approved: 22 January 2021 / Online: 22 January 2021 (08:41:48 CET)
How to cite:
Wang, Y.; Chen, F.; He, J.; Chen, L.; Xue, G.; Zhao, Y.; Peng, Y.; Chen, J.; Xie, P. Mid-Miocene Formation of the Yangtze River-Lake System Revealed by Ancestral Spawning Reconstruction of Endemic Cyprinids. Preprints2021, 2021010433 (doi: 10.20944/preprints202101.0433.v1).
Wang, Y.; Chen, F.; He, J.; Chen, L.; Xue, G.; Zhao, Y.; Peng, Y.; Chen, J.; Xie, P. Mid-Miocene Formation of the Yangtze River-Lake System Revealed by Ancestral Spawning Reconstruction of Endemic Cyprinids. Preprints 2021, 2021010433 (doi: 10.20944/preprints202101.0433.v1).
Cite as:
Wang, Y.; Chen, F.; He, J.; Chen, L.; Xue, G.; Zhao, Y.; Peng, Y.; Chen, J.; Xie, P. Mid-Miocene Formation of the Yangtze River-Lake System Revealed by Ancestral Spawning Reconstruction of Endemic Cyprinids. Preprints2021, 2021010433 (doi: 10.20944/preprints202101.0433.v1).
Wang, Y.; Chen, F.; He, J.; Chen, L.; Xue, G.; Zhao, Y.; Peng, Y.; Chen, J.; Xie, P. Mid-Miocene Formation of the Yangtze River-Lake System Revealed by Ancestral Spawning Reconstruction of Endemic Cyprinids. Preprints 2021, 2021010433 (doi: 10.20944/preprints202101.0433.v1).
Abstract
The Yangtze River is cross-linked with numerous lakes within its floodplain and is a worldwide biodiversity hotspot. There is no evidence indicating when this unique river-lake system developed. The endemic East Asian cyprinid clade has evolved diverse spawning adaptations to different flow conditions. Our ancestral egg-type reconstruction showed an ancestral state of adhesive eggs and later demersal eggs origination (both stream adaptations). Semi-buoyant eggs emerged ~18 Mya as a fast-flowing river adaptation, with increased hydration via three yolk protein degradation pathways, ion transport pathways and egg envelope permeability transition pores. Adhesive eggs evolved secondarily ~14 Mya with the egg envelope increasing to four layers and an adhesive layer, along with an increase in adhesiveness via microfilament/adhesive-related protein crosslinking and enhanced glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, improving adherence to submerged lake plants, indicating that the cross-linked river-lake system formed in the mid-Miocene. This study provides a unique biological evidence for large-scale water system evolution.
Keywords
Formation of the Yangtze river-lake system, Mid-Miocene, ancestral egg-type reconstruction, endemic cyprinids
Subject
EARTH SCIENCES, Atmospheric Science
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
