Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Mid-Miocene Formation of the Yangtze River-Lake System Revealed by Ancestral Spawning Reconstruction of Endemic Cyprinids

Yeke Wang
,
Feng Chen
,
Jun He
,
Liang Chen
ORCID logo ,
Ge Xue
,
Yan Zhao
,
Yanghui Peng
,
Jun Chen
* ,
Ping Xie
* ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 20 January 2021 / Approved: 22 January 2021 / Online: 22 January 2021 (08:41:48 CET)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Chen, F.; Wang, Y.; He, J.; Chen, L.; Xue, G.; Zhao, Y.; Peng, Y.; Smith, C.; Zhang, J.; Chen, J.; et al. Molecular Mechanisms of Spawning Habits for the Adaptive Radiation of Endemic East Asian Cyprinid Fishes. Research, 2022, 2022. https://doi.org/10.34133/2022/9827986. Chen, F.; Wang, Y.; He, J.; Chen, L.; Xue, G.; Zhao, Y.; Peng, Y.; Smith, C.; Zhang, J.; Chen, J.; et al. Molecular Mechanisms of Spawning Habits for the Adaptive Radiation of Endemic East Asian Cyprinid Fishes. Research, 2022, 2022. https://doi.org/10.34133/2022/9827986.

Abstract

The Yangtze River is cross-linked with numerous lakes within its floodplain and is a worldwide biodiversity hotspot. There is no evidence indicating when this unique river-lake system developed. The endemic East Asian cyprinid clade has evolved diverse spawning adaptations to different flow conditions. Our ancestral egg-type reconstruction showed an ancestral state of adhesive eggs and later demersal eggs origination (both stream adaptations). Semi-buoyant eggs emerged ~18 Mya as a fast-flowing river adaptation, with increased hydration via three yolk protein degradation pathways, ion transport pathways and egg envelope permeability transition pores. Adhesive eggs evolved secondarily ~14 Mya with the egg envelope increasing to four layers and an adhesive layer, along with an increase in adhesiveness via microfilament/adhesive-related protein crosslinking and enhanced glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, improving adherence to submerged lake plants, indicating that the cross-linked river-lake system formed in the mid-Miocene. This study provides a unique biological evidence for large-scale water system evolution.

Keywords

Formation of the Yangtze river-lake system, Mid-Miocene, ancestral egg-type reconstruction, endemic cyprinids

Subject

Environmental and Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science and Meteorology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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