Working Paper Article Version 1 This version is not peer-reviewed

# The Advance of Planets' Perihelion Between Newton and Einstein

Version 1 : Received: 3 January 2021 / Approved: 5 January 2021 / Online: 5 January 2021 (11:08:32 CET)

How to cite: Corda, C. The Advance of Planets' Perihelion Between Newton and Einstein. Preprints 2021, 2021010079 Corda, C. The Advance of Planets' Perihelion Between Newton and Einstein. Preprints 2021, 2021010079

## Abstract

Three different approaches show that, contrary to a longstanding conviction older than 160 years, the advance of Mercury perihelion can be achieved in Newtonian gravity with a very high precision by correctly analysing the situation without neglecting Mercury's mass. General relativity remains more precise than Newtonian physics, but Newtonian framework is more powerful than researchers and astronomers were thinking till now, at least for the case of Mercury. The Newtonian formula of the advance of planets' perihelion breaks down for the other planets. The predicted Newtonian result is indeed too large for Venus and Earth. Therefore, it is also shown that corrections due to gravitational and rotational time dilation, in an intermediate framework which analyzes gravity between Newton and Einstein, solve the problem. By adding such corrections, a result consistent with the one of general relativity is indeed obtained. Thus, the most important results of this paper are two: i) It is not correct that Newtonian theory cannot predict the anomalous rate of precession of the perihelion of planets' orbit. The real problem is instead that a pure Newtonian prediction is too large. ii) Perihelion's precession can be achieved with the same precision of general relativity by extending Newtonian gravity through the inclusion of gravitational and rotational time dilation effects. This second result is in agreement with a couple of recent and interesting papers of Hansen, Hartong and Obers. Differently from such papers, in the present work the importance of rotational time dilation is also highlighted.

## Keywords

General relativity; Newtonian gravity; advance of planets' perihelion; time dilation

Views 0