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Urinary Titin N-fragment as a Biomarker of Muscle Atrophy, Intensive Care Unit-Acquired Weakness, and Possible Application for Post-Intensive Care Syndrome
Nakanishi, N.; Tsutsumi, R.; Hara, K.; Matsuo, M.; Sakaue, H.; Oto, J. Urinary Titin N-Fragment as a Biomarker of Muscle Atrophy, Intensive Care Unit-Acquired Weakness, and Possible Application for Post-Intensive Care Syndrome. J. Clin. Med.2021, 10, 614.
Nakanishi, N.; Tsutsumi, R.; Hara, K.; Matsuo, M.; Sakaue, H.; Oto, J. Urinary Titin N-Fragment as a Biomarker of Muscle Atrophy, Intensive Care Unit-Acquired Weakness, and Possible Application for Post-Intensive Care Syndrome. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 614.
Nakanishi, N.; Tsutsumi, R.; Hara, K.; Matsuo, M.; Sakaue, H.; Oto, J. Urinary Titin N-Fragment as a Biomarker of Muscle Atrophy, Intensive Care Unit-Acquired Weakness, and Possible Application for Post-Intensive Care Syndrome. J. Clin. Med.2021, 10, 614.
Nakanishi, N.; Tsutsumi, R.; Hara, K.; Matsuo, M.; Sakaue, H.; Oto, J. Urinary Titin N-Fragment as a Biomarker of Muscle Atrophy, Intensive Care Unit-Acquired Weakness, and Possible Application for Post-Intensive Care Syndrome. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 614.
Abstract
Titin is a giant protein that functions as a molecular spring in sarcomeres. Titin interplays the contraction of actin-containing thin filaments and myosin-containing thick filaments. The breakdown product of titin has been measurable in urine as urinary titin N-fragments. Urinary titin N-fragment was originally reported to be a useful biomarker in the diagnosis of muscle dystrophy. Recently, the urinary titin N-fragment has been increasingly gaining attention as a novel biomarker of muscle atrophy and intensive care unit-acquired weakness in critically ill patients, in whom titin loss is a possible pathophysiology. Furthermore, several studies reported that the urinary titin N-fragment also reflected muscle atrophy and weakness in patients with chronic illnesses. It may be used to predict the risk of post-intensive care syndrome or to monitor patients’ condition after hospital discharge for better nutritional and rehabilitation management. We provide several tips on the use of this promising biomarker in post-intensive care syndrome.
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