Multiparametric Monitoring of Hypnosis and Nociception-Antinociception Balance During General Anesthesia - A New Era in Patient Safety Standards and Healthcare Management

Worldwide, an increasing number of patients undergo complex surgeries. With the development of general anesthesia techniques and anesthetic substances, the most complex surgical techniques could be developed. In order to adapt the anesthesia according to the particularities of each patient, it is recommended the multimodal monitoring of these patients. Classically, general anesthesia monitoring consists of the analysis of vital functions and gas exchange. Multimodal monitoring refers to the concomitant monitoring of the degree of hypnosis and the nociceptive-antinociceptive balance. By titrating anesthetic drugs according to these parameters, clinical benefits can be obtained, such as hemodynamic stabilization, reduction of awakening times, reduction of post-operative complications. Also, there is an important impact on the status of inflammation and the redox balance. The purpose of this literature review is to present the most modern multimodal monitoring techniques, respectively to discuss the particularities of each technique.