Comparative Transcriptome Analyses of Metastatic and Non-Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Cells Delineate Differential Mechanisms of CHOP Upregulation in Response to ONC201 Treatment

Ashraf Al Madhoun; Dania Haddad; Mustafa Al-Tarrah; Sindhu Jacob; Waleed Al-Ali; Rasheeba Nizam; Lavina Miranda; Fatema Al-Rashed; Sardar Sindhu; Rasheed Ahmad; Milad S. Bitar; Fahd Al-Mulla

doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0497.v1

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preprints.org > medicine and pharmacology > immunology and allergy > doi: 10.20944/preprints202011.0497.v1

Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Comparative Transcriptome Analyses of Metastatic and Non-Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Cells Delineate Differential Mechanisms of CHOP Upregulation in Response to ONC201 Treatment

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Version 1 : Received: 18 November 2020 / Approved: 19 November 2020 / Online: 19 November 2020 (08:42:43 CET)

How to cite: Al Madhoun, A.; Haddad, D.; Al-Tarrah, M.; Jacob, S.; Al-Ali, W.; Nizam, R.; Miranda, L.; Al-Rashed, F.; Sindhu, S.; Ahmad, R.; Bitar, M.S.; Al-Mulla, F. Comparative Transcriptome Analyses of Metastatic and Non-Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Cells Delineate Differential Mechanisms of CHOP Upregulation in Response to ONC201 Treatment. Preprints 2020, 2020110497. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202011.0497.v1 Al Madhoun, A.; Haddad, D.; Al-Tarrah, M.; Jacob, S.; Al-Ali, W.; Nizam, R.; Miranda, L.; Al-Rashed, F.; Sindhu, S.; Ahmad, R.; Bitar, M.S.; Al-Mulla, F. Comparative Transcriptome Analyses of Metastatic and Non-Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Cells Delineate Differential Mechanisms of CHOP Upregulation in Response to ONC201 Treatment. Preprints 2020, 2020110497. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202011.0497.v1

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MDPI and ACS Style

Al Madhoun, A.; Haddad, D.; Al-Tarrah, M.; Jacob, S.; Al-Ali, W.; Nizam, R.; Miranda, L.; Al-Rashed, F.; Sindhu, S.; Ahmad, R.; Bitar, M.S.; Al-Mulla, F. Comparative Transcriptome Analyses of Metastatic and Non-Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Cells Delineate Differential Mechanisms of CHOP Upregulation in Response to ONC201 Treatment. Preprints 2020, 2020110497. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202011.0497.v1

APA Style

Al Madhoun, A., Haddad, D., Al-Tarrah, M., Jacob, S., Al-Ali, W., Nizam, R., Miranda, L., Al-Rashed, F., Sindhu, S., Ahmad, R., Bitar, M.S., & Al-Mulla, F. (2020). Comparative Transcriptome Analyses of Metastatic and Non-Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Cells Delineate Differential Mechanisms of CHOP Upregulation in Response to ONC201 Treatment. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202011.0497.v1

Chicago/Turabian Style

Al Madhoun, A., Milad S. Bitar and Fahd Al-Mulla. 2020 "Comparative Transcriptome Analyses of Metastatic and Non-Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Cells Delineate Differential Mechanisms of CHOP Upregulation in Response to ONC201 Treatment" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202011.0497.v1

Abstract

The imipramine ONC201 exerts a novel anti-proliferative activity over a wide spectrum of cancer cell types. ONC201 activates integrated stress response pathway that is associated with induction of Damage Inducible Transcript 3 (DDIT3, also known as C/EBP homologous protein or CHOP). We questioned whether the ONC201/CHOP crosstalk is regulated by diverse signaling pathways in non-metastatic versus metastatic cancer cell lines. Therefore, the Dukes' type B colorectal adenocarcinoma non-metastatic (SW480) and metastatic (LS-174T) cell lines were treated with ONC201. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated by MTT assay, flow cytometry analysis, gene expression was assessed by Affymetrix microarray, and key regulatory proteins were validated by Western blot assays. Unlike LS-174T cells, SW480 cells were resistant to ONC201 treatment. Gene ontology pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed substantial differences between LS-174T and SW480 responsiveness to ONC201 treatment. In both cell lines, CHOP expression was upregulated in response to ONC201 treatment, however, its upstream regulatory mechanisms were not identical. Although, PERK, ATF6 and IRE1 ER-stress pathways were found to upregulated CHOP in both cell types, the BAK/BAX pathway was a notable regulator of CHOP in the metastatic LS-174T cells alone. In addition, CHOP RNA splicing profiles were varied between the two cell lines, which was further modified in response to ONC201 treatments. In conclusion, we delineated the signaling mechanisms regulating the expression of CHOP in non-metastatic versus metastatic colorectal cells in response to ONC201 treatment. The observed differences were related to cellular plasticity and metabolic reprogramming.

Keywords

ONC201; colorectal cancer cells; DDIT3; CHOP; BAK/BAX pathway

Subject

Medicine and Pharmacology, Immunology and Allergy

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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