Symmetry of Galactic Structure

Richard Oldani

doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0215.v2

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preprints.org > physical sciences > quantum science and technology > doi: 10.20944/preprints202009.0215.v2

Preprint Article Version 2 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Symmetry of Galactic Structure

Richard Oldani

Version 1 : Received: 8 September 2020 / Approved: 10 September 2020 / Online: 10 September 2020 (03:54:27 CEST)
Version 2 : Received: 21 February 2022 / Approved: 22 February 2022 / Online: 22 February 2022 (08:23:27 CET)
Version 3 : Received: 3 June 2022 / Approved: 6 June 2022 / Online: 6 June 2022 (09:27:33 CEST)
Version 4 : Received: 25 August 2022 / Approved: 26 August 2022 / Online: 26 August 2022 (11:33:29 CEST)
Version 5 : Received: 7 November 2022 / Approved: 7 November 2022 / Online: 7 November 2022 (10:59:26 CET)
Version 6 : Received: 4 December 2022 / Approved: 5 December 2022 / Online: 5 December 2022 (10:32:03 CET)
Version 7 : Received: 7 April 2024 / Approved: 8 April 2024 / Online: 8 April 2024 (11:40:23 CEST)
Version 8 : Received: 15 July 2024 / Approved: 15 July 2024 / Online: 16 July 2024 (07:04:38 CEST)

How to cite: Oldani, R. Symmetry of Galactic Structure. Preprints 2020, 2020090215. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202009.0215.v2 Oldani, R. Symmetry of Galactic Structure. Preprints 2020, 2020090215. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202009.0215.v2

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MDPI and ACS Style

Oldani, R. Symmetry of Galactic Structure. Preprints 2020, 2020090215. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202009.0215.v2

APA Style

Oldani, R. (2022). Symmetry of Galactic Structure. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202009.0215.v2

Chicago/Turabian Style

Oldani, R. 2022 "Symmetry of Galactic Structure" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202009.0215.v2

Abstract

A fully relativistic description of an atomic clock is achieved by applying the equivalence principle directly to the space-time coordinates of electron transitions. The resulting differential equation of motion is then reformulated by means of Hamilton's principle to obtain an equivalent integral equation. Generalized coordinates describe the electron in a configuration space consisting of three coordinates that define the origin, or nucleus, and three coordinates that define the manifold on which the electron is constrained to move (the electron shells). Following Dirac the particle model is transformed to a field model by describing energy quantization as the four-dimensional localization of radial and transverse electromagnetic fields. It can then be compared to the emission energy of galaxies in terms of the radial baryonic fields and transverse gravitomagnetic fields that emanate from black holes. The symmetry exhibited by these diverse forms of energy demonstrates that the properties of energy, when described four-dimensionally with time, are independent of the material system which supports them.

Keywords

time; gravitomagnetics; mass-energy equivalence; quantum mechanics; relativity theory; symmetry; inertial and non-inertial coordinates; space-time linearity

Subject

Physical Sciences, Quantum Science and Technology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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