Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Protective Effects of Oenothera Biennis Against Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress and Cell Death in Skin Keratinocytes

Version 1 : Received: 8 September 2020 / Approved: 9 September 2020 / Online: 9 September 2020 (03:29:52 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Lee, S.Y.; Kim, C.H.; Hwang, B.S.; Choi, K.-M.; Yang, I.-J.; Kim, G.-Y.; Choi, Y.H.; Park, C.; Jeong, J.-W. Protective Effects of Oenothera biennis against Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress and Cell Death in Skin Keratinocytes. Life 2020, 10, 255. Lee, S.Y.; Kim, C.H.; Hwang, B.S.; Choi, K.-M.; Yang, I.-J.; Kim, G.-Y.; Choi, Y.H.; Park, C.; Jeong, J.-W. Protective Effects of Oenothera biennis against Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress and Cell Death in Skin Keratinocytes. Life 2020, 10, 255.

Abstract

Background: Oenothera biennis (evening primrose) produces bioactive substances with a diverse range of pharmacological functions. However, it is currently unknown whether extract prepared from the aerial parts of O. biennis (APOB) can protect the skin against oxidative stress. To investigate the protective effects of APOB against oxidative stress-induced damage in human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT) and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Methods: We pretreated HaCaT cells with various concentrations of APOB or the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine before applying H2O2. We then compared the cell viability, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and DNA and mitochondrial damage between pretreated and untreated control cells using a range of assays, flow cytometry, and Western blot analysis and also examined the reducing power and DPPH free radical-scavenging activity of APOB. Results: APOB pretreatment significantly increased cell viability, effectively attenuated H2O2-induced comet tail formation, and inhibited H2O2-induced phosphorylation of the histone γH2AX, as well as the number of apoptotic bodies and Annexin V-positive cells. APOB was found to have a high reducing power and DPPH radical-scavenging activity and also exhibited scavenging activity against intracellular ROS accumulation and restored the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential caused by H2O2. APOB pretreatment almost totally reversed the enhanced cleavage of caspase-3, the degradation of poly (ADP-ribose)-polymerase (PARP), DNA fragmentation that usually occurs in the presence of H2O2 and increased the levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a potent antioxidant enzyme that is associated with the induction of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Conclusions: APOB can protect HaCaT cells from H2O2-induced DNA damage and cell death by blocking cellular damage related to oxidative stress via a mechanism that affects ROS elimination and by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

Keywords

Oenothera biennis; Evening primrose; Oxidative stress; Cell death; Nrf2/HO-1

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

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