Working PaperConcept PaperVersion 2This version is not peer-reviewed
CaReMoOC: Capacity, Reserve, Movement Objectives, and Compensation. A Proposed Framework to Describe Mechanisms of Movement Limitations, Demonstrated for Ageing
Version 1
: Received: 8 January 2020 / Approved: 9 January 2020 / Online: 9 January 2020 (14:03:05 CET)
Version 2
: Received: 1 April 2020 / Approved: 2 April 2020 / Online: 2 April 2020 (11:15:35 CEST)
Version 3
: Received: 11 March 2021 / Approved: 15 March 2021 / Online: 15 March 2021 (13:04:44 CET)
How to cite:
van der Kruk, E.; Silverman, A.K.; Koizia, L.; Reilly, P.; Fertleman, M.; Bull, A.M.J. CaReMoOC: Capacity, Reserve, Movement Objectives, and Compensation. A Proposed Framework to Describe Mechanisms of Movement Limitations, Demonstrated for Ageing. Preprints2020, 2020010090
van der Kruk, E.; Silverman, A.K.; Koizia, L.; Reilly, P.; Fertleman, M.; Bull, A.M.J. CaReMoOC: Capacity, Reserve, Movement Objectives, and Compensation. A Proposed Framework to Describe Mechanisms of Movement Limitations, Demonstrated for Ageing. Preprints 2020, 2020010090
van der Kruk, E.; Silverman, A.K.; Koizia, L.; Reilly, P.; Fertleman, M.; Bull, A.M.J. CaReMoOC: Capacity, Reserve, Movement Objectives, and Compensation. A Proposed Framework to Describe Mechanisms of Movement Limitations, Demonstrated for Ageing. Preprints2020, 2020010090
APA Style
van der Kruk, E., Silverman, A.K., Koizia, L., Reilly, P., Fertleman, M., & Bull, A.M.J. (2020). CaReMoOC: Capacity, Reserve, Movement Objectives, and Compensation. A Proposed Framework to Describe Mechanisms of Movement Limitations, Demonstrated for Ageing. Preprints. https://doi.org/
Chicago/Turabian Style
van der Kruk, E., Michael Fertleman and Anthony M J Bull. 2020 "CaReMoOC: Capacity, Reserve, Movement Objectives, and Compensation. A Proposed Framework to Describe Mechanisms of Movement Limitations, Demonstrated for Ageing" Preprints. https://doi.org/
Abstract
The prevention, mitigation and treatment of movement impairments, ideally, requires early diagnosis or identification. As the human movement system has physiological and functional redundancy, movement limitations do not promptly arise at the onset of physical decline. A such, prediction of movement limitations is complex: it is unclear how much decline can be tolerated before movement limitations start and how humans select compensatory movement strategies for a task. Adding to the challenge is the lack of general applicable and consensus terminology on movement limitations. Currently, the term ‘homeostatic reserve’ or ‘physiological reserve’ is used to refer to the redundancy of the human biological system, but this does not describe the redundancy in the muscle architecture of the human body. This article therefore proposes CaReMoOC, a framework incorporating neuromusculoskeletal capacity (accumulation of neuromusculoskeletal resources over the lifespan), reserve (task-specific difference between capacity and task demand), movement objectives (considerations made to plan a movement), and compensation (use of NMSK resources to respond to the task demand). Two forms of compensation are Compensation for Capacity, when capacity does not meet the task demands, and Compensation for Movement Objectives, when the movement is changed due to for example a fear of falling. This article demonstrates the framework for healthy ageing, providing an overview of age-related capacity decline (neural, skeletal, muscular system) and shifted weighting of movement objectives (energy, pain, stability, speed) relevant for experimental and modelling research in biomechanics and motor control. CaReMoOC provides a means to communicate hypotheses and theories on movement impairments and limitations. To predict movement limitations, we need to find ways to quantify NMSK reserve.
Keywords
Mobility impairments; Neuromusculoskeletal models; Rehabilitation; optimal control theory; frailty
Subject
Medicine and Pharmacology, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received:
2 April 2020
Commenter:
Eline van der Kruk
Commenter's Conflict of Interests:
Author
Comment:
This manuscript has been moderated to improve the theoretical background (introduction sections) and improve the comprehensibility of the figures.
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Commenter: Eline van der Kruk
Commenter's Conflict of Interests: Author