Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

# Mean Zonal Drift Velocities of Plasma Bubbles Estimated from Keograms of Nightglow All-Sky Images from the Brazilian Sector

Version 1 : Received: 21 November 2019 / Approved: 22 November 2019 / Online: 22 November 2019 (05:42:49 CET)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Vargas, F.; Brum, C.; Terra, P.; Gobbi, D. Mean Zonal Drift Velocities of Plasma Bubbles Estimated from Keograms of Nightglow All-Sky Images from the Brazilian Sector. Atmosphere 2020, 11, 69. Vargas, F.; Brum, C.; Terra, P.; Gobbi, D. Mean Zonal Drift Velocities of Plasma Bubbles Estimated from Keograms of Nightglow All-Sky Images from the Brazilian Sector. Atmosphere 2020, 11, 69.

Journal reference: Atmosphere 2020, 11, 69
DOI: 10.3390/atmos11010069

## Abstract

We present in this work a method for estimation of plasma bubble mean zonal drift velocities using keograms generated from images of the OI 6300.0 nm nightglow emission collected from an equatorial station -- Cariri (7.4$^\circ$S, 36.5$^\circ$W), and a mid-latitude station -- Cachoeira Paulista (22.7$^\circ$S, 45$^\circ$W), both in the Brazilian sector. The mean zonal drift velocities were estimated for 239 events recorded from 2000 to 2003 in Cariri, and for 56 events recorded over Cachoeira Paulista from 1998 to 2000. It was found that plasma bubble zonal drift velocities are smaller ($\sim$60 ms$^{-1}$) for events occurring later in the night compared to those occurring earlier ($\sim$150 ms$^{-1}$). The decreasing rate of the zonal drift velocity is of $\sim$10 ms$^{-1}$/h. We have also found that, in general, bubble events appearing first in the west-most region of the keogram are faster than those appearing first in the east-most region of the keograms. Larger zonal drift velocities occur from 19 LT to 23 LT in a longitude range from 37$^\circ$ to 33$^\circ$. The method of velocity estimation using keograms compares favorably against the mosaic method developed by \cite{Arruda:2005}, but the standard deviation of the residuals for the zonal drift velocities from the two methods is $\sim$15 ms$^{-1}$

## Keywords

all-sky imager; ionospheric plasma bubble; zonal drift velocity; keograms; nightglow; OI6300 thermospheric emission

## Subject

EARTH SCIENCES, Geophysics

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