Version 1
: Received: 27 July 2019 / Approved: 29 July 2019 / Online: 29 July 2019 (04:13:51 CEST)
Version 2
: Received: 8 November 2023 / Approved: 9 November 2023 / Online: 9 November 2023 (13:40:49 CET)
How to cite:
Ishiguri, S. Demonstration to Unify 4 Interactions in Particle Physics with the Zero‐Point Energy and Quantized Spacetime. Preprints2019, 2019070326. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201907.0326.v2
Ishiguri, S. Demonstration to Unify 4 Interactions in Particle Physics with the Zero‐Point Energy and Quantized Spacetime. Preprints 2019, 2019070326. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201907.0326.v2
Ishiguri, S. Demonstration to Unify 4 Interactions in Particle Physics with the Zero‐Point Energy and Quantized Spacetime. Preprints2019, 2019070326. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201907.0326.v2
APA Style
Ishiguri, S. (2023). Demonstration to Unify 4 Interactions in Particle Physics with the Zero‐Point Energy and Quantized Spacetime. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201907.0326.v2
Chicago/Turabian Style
Ishiguri, S. 2023 "Demonstration to Unify 4 Interactions in Particle Physics with the Zero‐Point Energy and Quantized Spacetime" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201907.0326.v2
Abstract
We propose a new theory beyond the standard model of elementary-particle physics. Employing the concept of a quantized spacetime, our theory demonstrates that the zero-point energy of the vacuum alone is sufficient to create all the fields, including gravity, the static electromagnetic field, and the weak and strong interactions. No serious undetermined parameters are assumed. Furthermore, the relations between the forces at the quantum-mechanics level is made clear. Using these relations, we quantize Einstein’s gravitational equation: Beginning with the zero-point energy of the vacuum, and after quantizing Newtonian gravity equation, we combine the energies of a static electromagnetic field and gravity in a quantum spacetime. Applying these results to the Einstein gravity equation, we substitute the energy density derived from the zero-point energy in addition to redefining differentials in a quantized spacetime. This is how we derive the quantized Einstein gravitational equation without assuming the existence of macroscopic masses. For the weak interaction, by considering plane-wave electron and the zero-point energy, we obtain a wavefunction that represents a β collapse. In this process, from a different point of view than Weinberg-Salam theory, we derive the masses of the W and Z bosons and the neutrino, and we calculate the radius and lifetime of the neutron. For the strong interaction, we previously reported an analytical theory for calculating the mass of a proton by providing a specific linear attractive potential obtained from the zero-point energy, which agrees well with the measurements. In the present study, we further calculate the strong interaction between two nucleons, i.e., the mass of the pi-meson. The resulting calculated quantities agree with the measurements, which verifies our proposed theory.
Keywords
zero‐point energy; quantized spacetime; static electromagnetic field; gravity field; weak interaction; strong interaction; masses of W and Z; β collapse; quantized Einstein gravity equation
Subject
Physical Sciences, Particle and Field Physics
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received:
9 November 2023
Commenter:
S. Ishiguri
Commenter's Conflict of Interests:
Author
Comment: (1)In the previous preprint, some figures were inferior. Thus, the present preprint has modified to have qualities. Please see Figures 1 and 5 in the revised paper. (2)The derivations of the calculations over the entire paper were checked again but the conclusions remain. (3)The appendix has been reinforced. More concretely, the introduction section was added to the appendix. Moreover, the section of the wavefunction’s interpretations has been significantly reinforced. Please see pages 22-25. (4)The previous title has been slightly modified to precisely present the content.
Commenter: S. Ishiguri
Commenter's Conflict of Interests: Author
(2)The derivations of the calculations over the entire paper were checked again but the conclusions remain.
(3)The appendix has been reinforced. More concretely, the introduction section was added to the appendix. Moreover, the section of the wavefunction’s interpretations has been significantly reinforced. Please see pages 22-25.
(4)The previous title has been slightly modified to precisely present the content.