Preprint Article Version 2 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

The Impact of Lake Water Quality on the Performance of Mature Artificial Recharge Ponds

Version 1 : Received: 15 May 2019 / Approved: 16 May 2019 / Online: 16 May 2019 (10:29:49 CEST)
Version 2 : Received: 16 August 2019 / Approved: 19 August 2019 / Online: 19 August 2019 (04:08:58 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Li, J.; Hägg, K.; Persson, K.M. The Impact of Lake Water Quality on the Performance of Mature Artificial Recharge Ponds. Water 2019, 11, 1991. Li, J.; Hägg, K.; Persson, K.M. The Impact of Lake Water Quality on the Performance of Mature Artificial Recharge Ponds. Water 2019, 11, 1991.

Abstract

Artificial groundwater recharge is commonly used for drinking water supply. The resulting water quality is highly dependent on the raw water quality. In many cases, pre-treatment is required. Pre-treatment improves the drinking water quality, although how and to what extent it affects the subsequent pond water quality and infiltration process, is still unknown. We evaluated two treatment systems by applying different pre-treatment methods for raw water from a eutrophic and temperate lake. An artificial recharge pond was divided into two parts, where one received raw water, only filtered through a micro-screen with 500 µm pores (control treatment), while the other part received pre-treated lake water using chemical flocculation with polyaluminium chloride (PACl) combined with sand filtration, i.e. continuous contact filtration (contact filter treatment). Water quality such as cyanobacterial biomass, microcystin-LR as well as organic matter and nutrients were measured in both treatment processes. We found cyanobacterial biomass and microcystin-LR level after the contact filter treatment was significantly different from the control treatment and also significantly different in the pond water. In addition, with contact filter treatment, total phosphorus (TP) and organic matter removal were significantly improved in the end water, TP was reduced by 96 % (< 20 µg/L) and the total organic carbon (TOC) was reduced by 66 % instead of 55 % (TOC content around 2.1 mg/L instead of 3.0 mg/L). This full-scale onsite experiment demonstrated effective pre-treatment would benefit a more stable water quality system, with less variance and lower cyanotoxin risk. In a broader drinking water management perspective, the presented method is promising to reduce cyanotoxin risk, as well as TP and TOC, which are all predicted to increase with global warming and extreme weather.

Keywords

groundwater; pre-treatment; contact filtration; infiltration ponds; nutrients removal; TP; Cyanobacteria; Cyanotoxin; microcystin-LR; eutrophic lakes; TOC

Subject

Engineering, Civil Engineering

Comments (1)

Comment 1
Received: 19 August 2019
Commenter: Jing Li
Commenter's Conflict of Interests: Author
Comment: Almost all the content was revised and changed, following all good comments from reviewers.
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