Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Interactive Effects of Light and Melatonin on Biosynthesis of Silymarin and Anti-inflammatory Potential in Callus Cultures of Silybum marianum L.

Version 1 : Received: 28 February 2019 / Approved: 1 March 2019 / Online: 1 March 2019 (12:20:03 CET)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Shah, M.; Ullah, M.A.; Drouet, S.; Younas, M.; Tungmunnithum, D.; Giglioli-Guivarc’h, N.; Hano, C.; Abbasi, B.H. Interactive Effects of Light and Melatonin on Biosynthesis of Silymarin and Anti-Inflammatory Potential in Callus Cultures of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. Molecules 2019, 24, 1207. Shah, M.; Ullah, M.A.; Drouet, S.; Younas, M.; Tungmunnithum, D.; Giglioli-Guivarc’h, N.; Hano, C.; Abbasi, B.H. Interactive Effects of Light and Melatonin on Biosynthesis of Silymarin and Anti-Inflammatory Potential in Callus Cultures of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. Molecules 2019, 24, 1207.

Abstract

Silybum marianum L. is a well-known medicinal herb, primarily used in liver protection. Light strongly affects several physiological processes along with secondary metabolites biosynthesis in plants. Herein, S. marianum was exploited for in vitro potential under different light regimes in the presence of melatonin. The optimum callogenic response occurred in combination of 1.0 mg/L α-naphthalene acetic acid and 0.5 mg/L 6-Benzylaminopurine under photoperiod. Continuous light associated with melatonin treatment increased total flavonoid content (TFC), total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant potential, followed by photoperiod and dark treatments. The increased level of melatonin has a synergistic effect on biomass accumulation under continuous light and photoperiod, while adverse effect was observed under dark condition. More detailed phytochemical analysis showed maximum total silymarin content (11.92 mg/g DW) when placed under continuous light + 1.0 mg/L melatonin. Individually, the level of silybins (A and B), silydianin, isolsilychristin and silychristin was found highest under continuous light. Anti-inflammatory activities were also studied and highest percent inhibition was recorded against 15-LOX for cultures cultivated under continuous light (42.33%). The current study helps to better understand the influence of melatonin and different light regimes on silymarin production as well as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in S. marianum callus extracts.

Keywords

Silybum marianum L.; Light regimes; Melatonin; Antioxidant; Phenolics; Flavonoids; Silymarin; Anti-inflammatory

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Biology and Biotechnology

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