Review
Version 1
Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed
RAD-ical New Insights into RAD51 Regulation
Version 1
: Received: 19 November 2018 / Approved: 22 November 2018 / Online: 22 November 2018 (06:49:34 CET)
A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.
Sullivan, M.R.; Bernstein, K.A. RAD-ical New Insights into RAD51 Regulation. Genes 2018, 9, 629. Sullivan, M.R.; Bernstein, K.A. RAD-ical New Insights into RAD51 Regulation. Genes 2018, 9, 629.
Abstract
Accurate repair of DNA is critical for genome stability and cancer prevention. DNA double-strand breaks are one of the most toxic lesions and can be repaired using homologous recombination (HR). HR is a high-fidelity DNA repair pathway that uses a homologous template for repair. One central HR step is RAD51 nucleoprotein filament formation on the single-stranded DNA ends, a step required for the homology search and strand invasion steps of HR. RAD51 filament formation is tightly controlled by many positive and negative regulators, collectively termed the RAD51 mediators. The RAD51 mediators function to nucleate, elongate, stabilize, and disassemble RAD51 during repair. In model organisms, RAD51 paralogs are RAD51 mediator proteins that structurally resemble RAD51 and promote its HR activity. New functions for the RAD51 paralogs during replication and in RAD51 filament flexibility have recently been uncovered. Mutations in the human RAD51 paralogs (RAD51B, RAD51C, RAD51D, XRCC2, XRCC3, and SWSAP1) are found in a subset of breast and ovarian cancers. Despite their discovery three decades ago, few advances have been made in understanding the function of the human RAD51 paralogs. Here we discuss the current perspective on the RAD51 paralogs in vivo and in vitro function and their relationship with cancer in vertebrate models.
Keywords
homologous recombination; RAD51 paralogs; BRCA1; BRCA2; RAD51B; RAD51C; RAD51D; XRCC2; XRCC3; Shu complex; cancer
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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