Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

# On the Eternal Role of Planck Scale in Machian Cosmology

Version 1 : Received: 17 October 2018 / Approved: 18 October 2018 / Online: 18 October 2018 (08:42:57 CEST)
Version 2 : Received: 25 October 2018 / Approved: 25 October 2018 / Online: 25 October 2018 (09:51:27 CEST)
Version 3 : Received: 30 October 2018 / Approved: 2 November 2018 / Online: 2 November 2018 (02:30:57 CET)

How to cite: Seshavatharam, U.V.S.; Lakshminarayana, S. On the Eternal Role of Planck Scale in Machian Cosmology. Preprints 2018, 2018100407 (doi: 10.20944/preprints201810.0407.v1). Seshavatharam, U.V.S.; Lakshminarayana, S. On the Eternal Role of Planck Scale in Machian Cosmology. Preprints 2018, 2018100407 (doi: 10.20944/preprints201810.0407.v1).

## Abstract

Considering Planck mass as a baby universe and evolving universe as a growing Planck ball, a hypothetical spherical model of cosmology can be developed. In addition, by considering the famous relation GM = c2R, a Machian model of quantum cosmology can also be developed. Proceeding further, in all directions, cosmic expansion velocity can be referred to ‘from and about’ the baby universe. This hypothetical scenario can be made versatile by adding a heuristic idea: apart from normal expansion, ‘cosmic temperature seems to be redshifted by a factor $\left({\left({Z}_{T}\right)}_{t}+1\right)\cong \sqrt{1+\mathrm{ln}\left({H}_{pl}/{H}_{t}\right)}$; where (Hpl, Ht) represent Planck scale and time dependent Hubble parameters respectively.

## Subject Areas

Planck scale; Mach’s relation; quantum cosmology; critical density; ordinary matter; dark matter; thermal redshift; expansion velocity; Hubble’s law

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