Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Clinical Significance of Nectin-4 Expression in Metastasis and Angiogenesis for Tumor Relapse

Version 1 : Received: 8 October 2018 / Approved: 8 October 2018 / Online: 8 October 2018 (15:52:03 CEST)

How to cite: Sethy, C.; Goutam, K.; Nayak, D.; Pradhan, R.; Molla, S.; Chatterjee, S.; Rout, N.; Wyatt, M.; Narayan, S.; Kundu, C. Clinical Significance of Nectin-4 Expression in Metastasis and Angiogenesis for Tumor Relapse. Preprints 2018, 2018100154. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201810.0154.v1 Sethy, C.; Goutam, K.; Nayak, D.; Pradhan, R.; Molla, S.; Chatterjee, S.; Rout, N.; Wyatt, M.; Narayan, S.; Kundu, C. Clinical Significance of Nectin-4 Expression in Metastasis and Angiogenesis for Tumor Relapse. Preprints 2018, 2018100154. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201810.0154.v1

Abstract

In the present study, we have systematically examined the clinical significance of Nectin-4 (encoded by the PVRL-4 gene), a marker for breast cancer stem cells (CSCs), in cancer metastasis and angiogenesis using a variety of human specimens, including invasive duct carcinoma (IDC) with multiple grades, several types of primary tumors to local and distant relapses, lymph node metastases and circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Nectin-4 was overexpressed in more than 92% of samples with 65.2% Nectin-4 positive cells. The level of expression was increased with increasing tumor grade (GI-III) and size (T1-4) of IDC specimens. More induction of Nectin-4 was noted in relapsed samples from a variety of tumors (colon, tongue, liver, kidney, ovary, buccal mucosa) in comparison to primary tumors, while paired adjacent normal tissues do not express any Nectin-4. A high expression of Nectin-4 along with other representative markers in CTCs and lymph node metastasis was also observed in cancer specimens. An increased level of Nectin-4 along with representative metastatic (CD-44, Sca1, ALDH1, Nanog) and angiogenic (Ang-I, Ang-II, VEGF) markers was noted in metastatic tumors (local and distant) in comparison to primary tumors that were correlated with different grades of tumor progression. In addition, greater expression of Nectin-4 was observed in secondary tumors (distant metastasis, e.g., breast to liver or stomach to gallbladder) in comparison to primary tumors. Nectin-4 was overexpressed at all stages of metastasis and angiogenesis, thus appearing to play a major role in tumor relapse through the PI3K-Akt-NFκβ pathway.

Keywords

Nectin-4; metastasis; angiogenesis; circulating tumor cells; cancer relapse

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology

Comments (0)

We encourage comments and feedback from a broad range of readers. See criteria for comments and our Diversity statement.

Leave a public comment
Send a private comment to the author(s)
* All users must log in before leaving a comment
Views 0
Downloads 0
Comments 0
Metrics 0


×
Alerts
Notify me about updates to this article or when a peer-reviewed version is published.
We use cookies on our website to ensure you get the best experience.
Read more about our cookies here.