Version 1
: Received: 6 September 2018 / Approved: 6 September 2018 / Online: 6 September 2018 (12:14:01 CEST)
Version 2
: Received: 9 October 2018 / Approved: 9 October 2018 / Online: 9 October 2018 (11:46:23 CEST)
Hamadeh, H.; Mirgaux, O.; Patisson, F. Detailed Modeling of the Direct Reduction of Iron Ore in a Shaft Furnace. Materials2018, 11, 1865.
Hamadeh, H.; Mirgaux, O.; Patisson, F. Detailed Modeling of the Direct Reduction of Iron Ore in a Shaft Furnace. Materials 2018, 11, 1865.
Hamadeh, H.; Mirgaux, O.; Patisson, F. Detailed Modeling of the Direct Reduction of Iron Ore in a Shaft Furnace. Materials2018, 11, 1865.
Hamadeh, H.; Mirgaux, O.; Patisson, F. Detailed Modeling of the Direct Reduction of Iron Ore in a Shaft Furnace. Materials 2018, 11, 1865.
Abstract
This paper addresses the modeling of the iron ore direct reduction process in the context of the reduction in CO2 emissions from the steel industry. The shaft furnace is divided into three sections (reduction, transition, and cooling), and the model is two-dimensional (cylindrical geometry for the upper sections and conical geometry for the lower one) to correctly describe the lateral gas feed and the cooling gas outlet. This model relies on a detailed description of the main physical-chemical and thermal phenomena using a multi-scale approach. The moving bed is assumed to be comprised of pellets of grains and crystallites. Eight heterogeneous and two homogeneous chemical reactions are taken into account. The local mass, energy and momentum balances are numerically solved using the finite volume method. This model was successfully validated by simulating the shaft furnaces of two direct reduction plants of different capacities. The calculated results reveal the detailed interior behavior of the shaft furnace operation. Eight different zones can be distinguished according to their predominant thermal and reaction characteristics. An important finding is the presence of a central zone of lesser temperature and conversion.
Keywords
ironmaking; direct reduction; iron ore; DRI; shaft furnace; mathematical model; heterogeneous kinetics; heat and mass transfer
Subject
MATERIALS SCIENCE, Metallurgy
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
