Di Giallonardo, F.; Kok, J.; Fernandez, M.; Carter, I.; Geoghegan, J.L.; Dwyer, D.E.; Holmes, E.C.; Eden, J.-S. Evolution of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) over Multiple Seasons in New South Wales, Australia. Viruses2018, 10, 476.
Di Giallonardo, F.; Kok, J.; Fernandez, M.; Carter, I.; Geoghegan, J.L.; Dwyer, D.E.; Holmes, E.C.; Eden, J.-S. Evolution of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) over Multiple Seasons in New South Wales, Australia. Viruses 2018, 10, 476.
Di Giallonardo, F.; Kok, J.; Fernandez, M.; Carter, I.; Geoghegan, J.L.; Dwyer, D.E.; Holmes, E.C.; Eden, J.-S. Evolution of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) over Multiple Seasons in New South Wales, Australia. Viruses2018, 10, 476.
Di Giallonardo, F.; Kok, J.; Fernandez, M.; Carter, I.; Geoghegan, J.L.; Dwyer, D.E.; Holmes, E.C.; Eden, J.-S. Evolution of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) over Multiple Seasons in New South Wales, Australia. Viruses 2018, 10, 476.
Abstract
There is an ongoing global pandemic of human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection that results in substantial annual morbidity and mortality. In Australia, RSV is the major cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRI). Nevertheless, little is known about the extent and origins of genetic diversity of RSV in Australia, nor the factors that shape this diversity. We conducted a genome-scale analysis of RSV infections in New South Wales (NSW). RSV genomes were successfully sequenced for 144 specimens collected between 2010-2016. Of these, 64 belonged to the RSVA and 80 to the RSVB subtype. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a wide diversity of RSV lineages within NSW and that both subtypes evolved rapidly in a strongly clock-like manner, with mean rates of approximately 6-8 x 10-4 nucleotide substitutions per site per year. There was only weak evidence for geographic clustering of sequences, indicative of fluid patterns of transmission within the infected population, and no evidence of any clustering by patient age such that viruses in the same lineages circulate through the entire host population. Importantly, we show that both subtypes circulated concurrently in NSW with multiple introductions into the Australian population in each year, and only limited evidence for multi-year persistence.
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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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