Submitted:
08 June 2018
Posted:
11 June 2018
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Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO), nanographene oxide (nGO) and partially reduced graphene oxide (rGO) have been studied as possible foam stabilizing agents for CO2 based enhanced oil recovery (EOR). GO was able to stabilize CO2/synthetic sea water foams. rGO was not able to stabilize foams likely due to the high reduction degree of the material. Particle size had a strong influence on foamability and stability. GO hydrophilicity increased as the particle size decreased and no foams were created when particle size was below 1 µm (nGO). GO brine dispersions showed immediate gel formation, which improved foam stability. Particle growth due to layer stacking was also observed. This mechanism was detrimental for foam formation and stabilization. nGO dispersed in synthetic sea water rapidly formed hydrogels and was not filterable. This work indicates that the particles studied are not suitable for CO2 EOR purposes.
Keywords:
EOR
; graphene oxide
; CO2 foam
; aquifer storage
; mobility control
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