Park, H.; Kim, K. Concentrations of 2,4-Dichlorophenol and 2,5-Dichlorophenol in Urine of Korean Adults. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health2018, 15, 589.
Park, H.; Kim, K. Concentrations of 2,4-Dichlorophenol and 2,5-Dichlorophenol in Urine of Korean Adults. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15, 589.
Park, H.; Kim, K. Concentrations of 2,4-Dichlorophenol and 2,5-Dichlorophenol in Urine of Korean Adults. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health2018, 15, 589.
Park, H.; Kim, K. Concentrations of 2,4-Dichlorophenol and 2,5-Dichlorophenol in Urine of Korean Adults. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15, 589.
Abstract
Humans are exposed to the environmental pollutants 2, 4-dichlorophenol (2, 4-DCP) and 2, 5-dichlorophenol (2, 5-DCP) through air, use of water and consuming products. In this study, we evaluated the urinary concentrations of these compounds in Korean people from the age of 18 to 69 years by making use of the data from the Korean National Human Biomonitoring Survey that was completed in 2009. Of 1,865 representative Koreans, 63.4% and 97.9% were found to have concentrations of 2, 4-DCP and 2, 5-DCP > 0.05 μg/L (limit of detection) in their urine. The geometric mean urinary concentrations were 0.14 μg/L (confidence interval of 95% = 0.13–0.16) and 0.44 μg/L (confidence interval = 0.41–0.48), respectively. It was fond that the adjusted proportional changes in 2, 4-DCP concentrations were significantly associated with body mass index, whereas those of 2, 5-DCP concentrations were influenced by place of residence. From these findings, it is evident that most adults in Korea have levels of 2, 4-DCP and 2, 5-DCP that are detectable in their urine and burden of these compounds on their bodies varies depending on numerous demographic factors.
Keywords
human urine; biomonitoring; chlorophenol; demographic characteristics
Subject
Environmental and Earth Sciences, Environmental Science
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
