Version 1
: Received: 4 March 2018 / Approved: 5 March 2018 / Online: 5 March 2018 (06:57:31 CET)
How to cite:
Nyakuma, B.B.; Ahmad, A.; Johari, A.; Abdullah, T.A.T.; Oladokun, O. Torrefaction of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Pellets under Mild-to-Severe Temperature Conditions through Thermogravimetric Analysis. Preprints2018, 2018030032. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201803.0032.v1
Nyakuma, B.B.; Ahmad, A.; Johari, A.; Abdullah, T.A.T.; Oladokun, O. Torrefaction of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Pellets under Mild-to-Severe Temperature Conditions through Thermogravimetric Analysis. Preprints 2018, 2018030032. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201803.0032.v1
Nyakuma, B.B.; Ahmad, A.; Johari, A.; Abdullah, T.A.T.; Oladokun, O. Torrefaction of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Pellets under Mild-to-Severe Temperature Conditions through Thermogravimetric Analysis. Preprints2018, 2018030032. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201803.0032.v1
APA Style
Nyakuma, B.B., Ahmad, A., Johari, A., Abdullah, T.A.T., & Oladokun, O. (2018). Torrefaction of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Pellets under Mild-to-Severe Temperature Conditions through Thermogravimetric Analysis. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201803.0032.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Nyakuma, B.B., Tuan Amran Tuan Abdullah and Olagoke Oladokun. 2018 "Torrefaction of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Pellets under Mild-to-Severe Temperature Conditions through Thermogravimetric Analysis" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201803.0032.v1
Abstract
Malaysia generates significant quantities of lignocellulosic wastes through the production of crude palm oil (CPO). Over the years, the accumulation of the oil palm wastes (OPW) have become an environmental burden. These problems can be addressed by pretreatment and valorisation of OPW in bioenergy as envisioned in the National Biomass Strategy (NBS-2020). However, current strategies for the OPW valorisation are inefficient and unsustainable resulting in increased environmental challenges. Therefore, this paper proposes the pelletization and torrefaction of oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB). Furthermore, the thermal degradation behaviour and potential product yields from OPEFB pellet torrefaction will be examined. The results revealed that the mass yield (MY) decreased from 67.89% to 33.11%, whereas energy yield (EY) decreased from 88.29% to 49.18% as the torrefaction temperature increased from 250 °C to 350 °C. However, the energy density (DE) increased from 1.30 to 1.49 due to the increase in higher heating value (HHV) from 22.85 MJ/kg to 26.10 MJ/kg. Likewise, the severity factor (SF) increased from 5.89 to 8.84 with increasing torrefaction temperature. The results also revealed that effect of temperature on the torrefaction parameters; MY, EY, DE, and HHV are slightly reduced after 300 °C. Overall, the findings demonstrate that torrefaction improved the fuel properties and energy recovery potential of the OPEFB pellets.
Keywords
torrefaction; oil palm empty fruit bunches; pellets; thermogravimetry; Malaysia
Subject
Engineering, Energy and Fuel Technology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
