Version 1
: Received: 4 January 2018 / Approved: 9 January 2018 / Online: 9 January 2018 (07:39:44 CET)
How to cite:
Mepaiyeda, S.; Madi, K. Physico- Chemical and Microbial Properties of Surface and Groundwater Resources: Case Study of Kogi State, Central Nigeria. Preprints2018, 2018010076. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201801.0076.v1
Mepaiyeda, S.; Madi, K. Physico- Chemical and Microbial Properties of Surface and Groundwater Resources: Case Study of Kogi State, Central Nigeria. Preprints 2018, 2018010076. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201801.0076.v1
Mepaiyeda, S.; Madi, K. Physico- Chemical and Microbial Properties of Surface and Groundwater Resources: Case Study of Kogi State, Central Nigeria. Preprints2018, 2018010076. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201801.0076.v1
APA Style
Mepaiyeda, S., & Madi, K. (2018). Physico- Chemical and Microbial Properties of Surface and Groundwater Resources: Case Study of Kogi State, Central Nigeria. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201801.0076.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Mepaiyeda, S. and Kakaba Madi. 2018 "Physico- Chemical and Microbial Properties of Surface and Groundwater Resources: Case Study of Kogi State, Central Nigeria" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201801.0076.v1
Abstract
Analysis of water resources of this area was carried out in order to assessing the water quality by determining the concentrations of Cations, Anions, Heavy metals, Trace elements, PH, Alkalinity, Total Dissolved Solids and microbial loads in water samples. Ten (10) water samples were collected from the study area - samples each of rain water, two pond waters - 1 and 2, stream water, four (4) hand-dug wells, hand pump water and a motorized borehole. The results obtained were compared with WHO standards and it showed that all the cations in water samples are within the limits. The water samples at locations B, E, F, G, H, I, and J have high alkalinity and HC0-3 content. The heavy metals (Pb, Ni and Cd) and trace elements (Fe and Cu) are dominantly high in the surface waters. Microbiological substances in the water samples from the study area revealed indicator organisms higher than the WHO standard for drinking water. Samples obtained from location G, I and J recorded an absence of E. coli and are fit for human consumptions but needed to be treated due to high MPN (Most Probable Number) index of viable microorganisms as against WHO standard. This research showed that the water resources of the study area are gradually polluted and in the near future may not be good for drinking.
Keywords
cations; groundwater; heavy metals; pollution; anions; surface water; microbes
Subject
Environmental and Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Geology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
