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Tests and Problems of the Standard Model in Cosmology
Version 1
: Received: 31 January 2017 / Approved: 1 February 2017 / Online: 1 February 2017 (16:06:52 CET)
A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.
Abstract
The main foundations of the standard $\Lambda $CDM model of cosmology are that: 1) The redshifts of the galaxies are due to the expansion of the Universe plus peculiar motions; 2) The cosmic microwave background radiation and its anisotropies derive from the high energy primordial Universe when matter and radiation became decoupled; 3) The abundance pattern of the light elements is explained in terms of primordial nucleosynthesis; and 4) The formation and evolution of galaxies can be explained only in terms of gravitation within a inflation+dark matter+dark energy scenario. Numerous tests have been carried out on these ideas and, although the standard model works pretty well in fitting many observations, there are also many data that present apparent caveats to be understood with it. In this paper, I offer a review of these tests and problems, as well as some examples of alternative models.
Keywords
Cosmology; Observational cosmology; Origin, formation, and abundances of the elements; dark matter; dark energy; superclusters; large-scale structure of the Universe
Subject
Physical Sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics
Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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