Version 1
: Received: 31 December 2016 / Approved: 2 January 2017 / Online: 2 January 2017 (13:57:12 CET)
How to cite:
Arora, M.; Gupta, N. Ex-Situ vs. In-Situ Defluoridation of the Contaminated Aquifers: A State-of-the-Art Review. Preprints2017, 2017010006. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201701.0006.v1
Arora, M.; Gupta, N. Ex-Situ vs. In-Situ Defluoridation of the Contaminated Aquifers: A State-of-the-Art Review. Preprints 2017, 2017010006. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201701.0006.v1
Arora, M.; Gupta, N. Ex-Situ vs. In-Situ Defluoridation of the Contaminated Aquifers: A State-of-the-Art Review. Preprints2017, 2017010006. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201701.0006.v1
APA Style
Arora, M., & Gupta, N. (2017). Ex-Situ vs. In-Situ Defluoridation of the Contaminated Aquifers: A State-of-the-Art Review. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201701.0006.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Arora, M. and Nibha Gupta. 2017 "Ex-Situ vs. In-Situ Defluoridation of the Contaminated Aquifers: A State-of-the-Art Review" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201701.0006.v1
Abstract
A wide variety of pump and treat methods like chemical precipitation, adsorption, ion exchange and reverse osmosis have been trialled for many decades for fluoride removal from groundwater, but the problem of fluoride contaminated water remains in many parts of the world largely because these processes require constant monitoring, are expensive to implement and maintain at decentralised scale due to lack of reticulation infrastructure, and possess sludge disposal problem. This paper presents an overview of various fluoride removal processes and the limitations associated with each process and the application of in-situ permeable reactive barrier for remediating fluoride contaminated groundwater is explored, which displays the potential to be a cost effective, low maintenance and energy intensive technology.
Keywords
Fluoride, groundwater, in-situ remediation, pump and treat
Subject
Engineering, Chemical Engineering
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
