Spondyloptosis is a condition where there is complete dislocation of L5 over sacrum. It is a form of spinal dislocation in which one spinal segment is lodged in the anterior or posterior space of another or advanced spondylolisthesis [1]. Treatment is usually spinal fusion depending on the level of lesion [2]. This clinical case is of a 15 year old male with a history of fall from auto-rickshaw followed by a blunt trauma from a heavy iron rod falling over his abdomen. There was no history of loss of consciousness, but the patient had an excruciating pain over back immediately after the incident. Patient is now paraplegic with loss of sensation below L5 along with loss bladder and bowel control since the time of injury. The T1 weighted MRI of spine revealed grade 5 anterior lysthesis of L5 over S1 level with complete spinal cord transaction. The patient was operated to restore the vertebral alignment with pedicle screws and rods. After 3 months, patient is now treated for neuro-musculoskeletal , genitourinary and genitointestinal function with biofeedback, pelvic floor exercises and timed voiding [3]. When a patient has issues with urine retention, Valsalva manoeuvres, Crede's method, suprapubic tapping, and anal stretching are employed to help them void more effortlessly [4].

Edward syndrome, clinically known as trisomy 18 syndrome, is an autosomal chromosomal disorder characterized by an extra copy of chromosome 18. It belongs to the category of autosomal trisomy syndromes and is the second most common, with trisomy 21 being the only more frequent occurrence. In the context of this research, we present a case study focusing on a 3-month-old female infant admitted to the emergency department due to a complex array of symptoms. The primary clinical manifestations included a persistent cough, cold, and fever lasting for eight consecutive days. Comprehensive clinical evaluations, encompassing radiological and hematological investigations, confirmed the diagnosis of bronchiolitis along with viral bronchopneumonia. Chest X-rays revealed bilateral patchy opacities and diffuse haziness, primarily concentrated in the right hemithorax. Beyond respiratory issues, the infant displayed a range of distinctive physical attributes, including low-set ears, micrognathia, cranial anomalies, flattened nasal bridge, widely spaced nipples, overlapping fingers, abdominal distention, rocker-bottom feet, and recurring limb deformities known as recurvatum. Attempts to correct the limb deformity with a hip spica cast over an extended month-long period proved unsuccessful. Chronic villus sampling (CVS) ultimately confirmed the presence of Edward Syndrome (Trisomy 18), linked to the extra chromosome 18, leading to diverse physiological and developmental abnormalities. This case underscores the critical importance of timely and precise diagnosis, highlighting the challenges involved in addressing complex medical conditions marked by multifaceted clinical phenotypes.

The term "Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome" (ODS) is synonymous with central pontine myelinolysis (CPM), denoting a condition characterized by brain damage, particularly affecting the white matter tracts of the pontine region. This damage arises due to rapid correction of metabolic imbalances, primarily cases of hyponatremia. Noteworthy triggers encompass severe burns, liver transplantations, anorexia nervosa, hyperemesis gravidarum, and hyperglycaemia, all linked to the development of CPM. Clinical manifestations encompass a spectrum of signs and symptoms, including dysphagia, dysarthria, spastic quadriparesis, pseudobulbar paralysis, ataxia, lethargy, tremors, disorientation, catatonia, and, in severe instances, locked-in syndrome and coma. A recent case involving a 45-year-old woman illustrates these complexities. Upon admission to the Medicine Intensive Care Unit, she presented with symptoms indicative of diminished responsiveness and bilateral weakness in upper and lower limbs. Of significance, the patient had a pre-existing medical history of hyperthyroidism. Extensive diagnostic investigations were undertaken, revealing compelling evidence of profound hyponatremia through blood analyses. Furthermore, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed, unveiling conspicuous areas of abnormal hyperintensity located in the central pons, intriguingly accompanied by spared peripheral regions. These radiological findings align with the characteristic pattern associated with osmotic demyelination syndrome, illuminating the underlying pathology.

The clinical features of increasing muscle weakening are shared by a diverse set of illnesses known as muscular dystrophies. In early childhood, males with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) exhibit proximal muscle weakening and calf enlargement, making it the most frequent X-linked disease of muscular dystrophy in children. Development of motor skills is typically delayed, and wheelchair confinement eventually leads to early death from heart or lung problems. In terms of function, ambulation, quality of life, and life expectancy, treatment approaches like corticosteroid therapy and intermittent positive pressure breathing have improved. This is a case report of a 6-year-old kid who had early ambulatory stage Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy and complained to the neuro-physiotherapy department about frequent falls, walking difficulties, and dyspnea when walking. Other grievances included being unable to get off the ground and having trouble ascending stairs. He had physiotherapy and dynamic neuromuscular stabilization for his complaints. The main goals of treatment were educating the family, respiratory training, preventing ankle plantar flexors, maintaining strength, balance and gait training.