Design of Virtual Reserve Services Based on Spatially Transferable Loads in Data Centers

To address the transmission capacity constraints and high reserve offer costs associated with cross-regional reserve sharing under high renewable energy penetration, this paper proposes a method for designing cross-regional virtual reserve services based on spatially transferable loads in data centers. First, a data center task migration model that considers task queues, transmission bandwidth, processing capacity, and deadline constraints is established to quantify the relationship among load reduction on the task-exporting side, additional electricity consumption on the task-importing side, and the reserve capacity of supporting generating units. Second, a novel Cross-Regional Virtual Reserve Consortium (CRVRC) business model is proposed to incentivize data centers and supporting generating units to jointly provide cross-regional reserve through joint bidding and revenue allocation. Then, a robust joint clearing model for energy and reserve that considers uncertainty in renewable energy output is established and solved using the Benders decomposition algorithm. Finally, case studies based on a modified IEEE 14-bus system show that, compared with the baseline, the proposed method reduces the joint clearing cost by 5.02% and the reserve offer cost by 3.60%, increases data center net profit by 89.73%, and maintains transmission margins on all cross-regional tie lines under wind power forecast deviations.