Oxidative Stress in Age-Related CNS Degeneration: Modeling, Mechanism and Interventions

Oxidative stress accumulates early in the central nervous system (CNS) and is one major driver of age-related neurodegeneration. Here we compare major oxidative-stress models, highlighting their distinct mechanisms and disease relevance. We summarize therapeutic strategies ranging from radical scavengers and endogenous antioxidant enhancers to mitochondrial-targeted agents and rejuvenation approaches that restore intrinsic cytoprotective programs. We further discuss emerging oxidative-stress profiling strategies to define individual redox vulnerabilities. Together, mechanistically informed modeling, multidimensional profiling, and targeted restoration of oxidative resilience may enable more precise interventions for age-related CNS degeneration.