Factors of the Nursing Practice Environment Shaping Nurses’ Perceived Benefits of Adverse Event Reporting: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Primary Healthcare Nurses

Background: Adverse event reporting is a critical component of patient safety systems; however, nurses’ engagement in reporting is influenced not only by reporting procedures but also by broader organizational characteristics of the nursing practice environment. Understanding how these organizational factors shape nurses’ perceptions of reporting systems remains insufficiently explored, particularly in post-Soviet healthcare contexts. Objective: This study aimed to examine how characteristics of the nursing professional practice environment are associated with nurses’ perceptions of the benefits of adverse event reporting in healthcare institutions in Kazakhstan. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 468 nurses working in healthcare organizations across six major cities in Kazakhstan. The professional practice environment was assessed using the Revised Professional Practice Environment (RPPE) scale, while attitudes toward adverse event reporting were measured using the Reporting of Clinical Adverse Events Scale (ROCAES), specifically the “perceived benefits of reporting” dimension. Exploratory factor analysis, Spearman correlation analysis, and binary logistic regression were applied. Results: Exploratory factor analysis identified three key dimensions of the professional practice environment: professional motivation and teamwork, interprofessional conflict and communication, and staffing adequacy. Correlation analysis showed that several dimensions of the practice environment were negatively associated with perceived benefits of reporting. However, multivariable regression analysis revealed that cultural sensitivity, internal work motivation, and control over practice were positive predictors of perceived reporting benefits. This contrast between negative bivariate correlations and positive multivariable predictors highlights the complex organizational dynamics underlying nurses’ reporting attitudes. Conclusions: The findings indicate that nurses’ perceptions of adverse event reporting are embedded within a broader organizational ecology of nursing practice. Strengthening supportive professional environments—particularly those promoting motivation, autonomy, and culturally responsive care—may enhance nurses’ engagement in patient safety activities and improve the effectiveness of reporting systems.