Enhancing Sustainable and Resilient Energy Supply Under Earthquakes: A Dynamic Assessment Using a DPSIR-TOPSIS-Barrier Model in Sichuan, China

Earthquake disasters cause severe disruptions to energy systems through direct damage and cascading effects, highlighting the necessity for dynamic assessment of emergency response capabilities. This study develops an integrated DPSIR-TOPSIS-Barrier analysis model to evaluate the energy emergency supply system in Sichuan Province, a seismically active region in China. An indicator system was constructed based on the DPSIR framework, and entropy-weighted TOPSIS was applied to panel data from 2018 to 2023 to dynamically assess performance. An obstacle degree model was further employed to diagnose systemic weaknesses. Results show that Sichuan’s emergency capability progressed through three distinct phases: Rapid Growth, Stress Test, and Resilience Enhancement, with the composite score increasing from 0.360 to 0.735. Key drivers include policy completeness and smart monitoring coverage. The Response subsystem was identified as the primary bottleneck, with an average obstacle degree of 0.33, primarily due to insufficient funding and infrastructure redundancy. This study provides a replicable analytical framework and offers evidence-based policy insights for enhancing energy resilience in disaster-prone regions.