Building Gene Editing Platforms for Personalized Medicine: The Next Step in Interventional Genetics

Recent advances in CRISPR technology have expanded beyond traditional double-strand break–based genome editing to include base editors and prime editors, enabling precise and programmable sequence modifications. This evolution marks a shift from conventional mutation correction toward platform-based therapeutic systems capable of targeting a broad spectrum of pathogenic variants. Such versatility holds promise for treating over 90% of known disease-causing mutations in rare monogenic disorders. This review will discuss the technological progression of CRISPR systems, highlighting the principles, applications, and limitations of emerging editing modalities. We will explore their translation into personalized gene therapies, emphasizing delivery challenges, off-target safety, and the need for regulatory innovation. The paper will also introduce the concept of interventional genetics, an emerging medical framework linking genomic diagnosis directly to therapeutic intervention through adaptive gene-editing platforms. Finally, we will outline strategies for establishing unified, scalable, and regulatory-ready editing platforms that can accelerate the clinical implementation of individualized therapies for rare diseases.