Oxalate Nephropathy-Induced Acute Kidney Injury Following Use of an Organic Hair Treatment Product in an 8-Year-Old Child: A Case Report

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is defined as an increase in creatinine level with a possible decrease in urine output. Oxalate nephropathy (ON) is an uncommon cause of AKI in children. We report a case of oliguric AKI secondary to ON following exposure to an organic hair treatment product. To our knowledge, no similar pediatric cases have been reported in Saudi Arabia. This case aims to raise awareness of the potential adverse renal effects of cosmetic products among consumers and pediatricians. Case Presentation: An 8-year-old girl presented with a two-day history of facial swelling, abdominal distension, vomiting, decreased urine output, and hypertension after using an organic hair treatment product. She had a recent upper respiratory tract infection. Examination revealed mild ascites, and laboratory tests showed markedly elevated serum creatinine. She was admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit with an impression of severe oliguric AKI for further evaluation and management. Treatment included fluids, electrolyte correction, diuretics, and antihypertensive therapy, resulting in clinical stabilization. Renal biopsy showed acute tubular necrosis with calcium oxalate crystal deposition, confirming ON. Conclusion: Hair-straightening products may be associated with oxalate nephropathy. Further studies are warranted to identify nephrotoxic chemicals in hair products and reduce potential health risks.