Sensor-Based and VR-Assisted Visual Training Enhances Visuomotor Reaction Metrics in Youth Handball Players

Background: Sensor-based systems and virtual reality (VR) technologies provide new opportunities for the objective, technology-driven assessment and training of visuo-motor performance in applied contexts such as sport. Methods: This study examined the effects of an integrated visual training program combining stroboscopic stimula-tion, VR-based vergence exercises, and instrumented reaction-light tasks in adolescent handball players. Twenty-eight youth athletes completed two baseline assessments separated by six weeks, followed by a six-session training program integrated into reg-ular team practice. Sensor-derived outcome measures included dynamic accommoda-tive performance, simple and choice visual reaction times, peripheral-field response metrics, binocular alignment, stereoscopic depth perception, and basic oculomotor function. Results: Compared with both baseline measurements, the intervention pro-duced selective improvements in accommodative facility—particularly near–far fo-cusing speed—and in multiple reaction-time conditions involving manual and deci-sion-based responses. Specific peripheral-field locations showed increased response scores, whereas binocular alignment, AC/A ratio, near phoria, and stereoscopic acuity remained unchanged. Conclusions: These findings indicate that technology-supported visual training protocols incorporating sensor-based reaction systems and VR stimuli can be associated with measurable adaptations in dynamic visuomotor processing while preserving fundamental binocular vision parameters.