Innovative Approach to the Heterogeneous Catalysis for CO₂ Utilization Using Bio-Resources as an Element of a Circular Carbon Economy

Reaching net-zero carbon emissions is the main driving force for developing technologies targeted at CO2 capture, storage and utilization. Catalysis plays a crucial role in CO2 utilization by activating CO2 molecules to be involved in redox or acid-base reactions with another reagent. Catalysis eventually transform CO2 into valuable products. The development of catalytic technologies is one of the main factors in the sustainable development of the society, aimed at a transition from an extensive and rational utilization of the natural resources using modern catalytic approaches. Numerous studies have shown progress in this way by means of various chemical reagents for CO2 utilization for instance, hydrogen, ammonia, alcohol, etc. The utilization of bio-resources for CO2 activation seems fairly attractive because that approach also utilizes wastes those produced by the wood, agriculture, food industry, etc. However, much less attention is paid to CO2 utilization using bio-resources. In this view, this article describes different heterogeneous catalytic processes for CO2 utilization, using various bio-resources viz. biogas, lignocellulose, lignin, cellulose, bio-ethanol, bio-butanol and glycerol. Such an approach is an element of the sustainable circular carbon economy.