The Return to the Einstein Spherical Universe Model

2.1. Using the simple method of observing the Figure 1 to talk, there are the Ten Basic Postulates of the Yin-Yang Universe Model.

Table 1. Ten Basic Postulates of the Yin-Yang Universe Model.

Yang Universe	Quantum Power
Yin Universe	Chaotic Power
Fisheye Way	Nonlinear Symmetry
Universe Diaphragm	No time
Quantized Universe	Universe Boundary

Table 1. Ten Basic Postulates of the Yin-Yang Universe Model.

Yang Universe	Quantum Power
Yin Universe	Chaotic Power
Fisheye Way	Nonlinear Symmetry
Universe Diaphragm	No time
Quantized Universe	Universe Boundary

•Yang Universe: represents the matter universe, containing an antimatter fisheye.

•Yin Universe: represents the antimatter universe, containing a matter fisheye. The Yin Universe and the Yang Universe are interconnected through one Fisheye Way and one Universe Diaphragm, allowing the interaction between matter and antimatter.

•Fisheye Way: The Fisheye Way is a universe creation machine that never stops generating matter and antimatter. Antimatter overflows from the fisheye of the Yang Universe, and matter overflows from the fisheye of the Yin Universe, so that the total amount of matter and antimatter in the universe is balanced in both directions.

•Universe Diaphragm: The universe has a diaphragm, which contains a universe center with spherical symmetry. The universe diaphragm is the largest celestial structure, shaped like the letter S, and also like two open bows, like a Great Wall separating the Yin Universe and the Yang Universe. The Yin-Yang interaction of the universe diaphragm is just called the Great Wall effect.

•Quantized Universe: The Yin Universe and the Yang Universe are a pair of inseparable entangled quanta. Quantum entanglement is a natural attribute of the universe, not limited to the microscopic particle level, but also extends to the macroscopic universe. Quantum entanglement is not limited to matter and matter, antimatter and antimatter, but also extends to matter and antimatter.

•Quantum Power: The Yin-Yang interaction of entangled quantum is called quantum power. Quantum power can unify all the basic interactions of the universe, including but not limited to the four known basic interactions, the so-called electromagnetic interaction, weak interaction, strong interaction and gravitational interaction. From microscopic particles to the macroscopic universe, quantum power is everywhere and fills all scales of the universe.

•Chaotic Power: The evolution of the universe follows the law of chaotic power, which makes the operation of the universe difficult to accurately predict and unpredictable. Chaotic Power can be used to describe complex behaviors in nonlinear symmetric systems.

•Nonlinear Symmetry: The symmetry between matter and antimatter is not a simple mirror symmetry or linear symmetry, but a more complex and dynamic nonlinear symmetry. The nonlinear symmetry of the universe comes in many forms, such as quantum symmetry, fractal symmetry, chaotic symmetry, probability symmetry, periodic symmetry, phase change symmetry, broken symmetry, loophole symmetry, etc.

•No time: The universe has no time dimension. The essence of time is never-ending movement. Time is a man-made reference, which is convenient for explaining the internal movement of the three-dimensional space of the universe.

•Universe Boundary: The universe boundary does exist. Outside the universe three spatial dimensions is the void.

2.2. Using the simple method of observing the Figure 1 to talk, it provides simple and elegant explanations for some key scientific problems.

•The ultimate fate of the universe: Is the ultimate fate of the universe heading towards a Big Freeze, a Big Rip, a Big Crunch, or a Big Bounce? All guessed wrong! The universe can be sustainable in the future. It is clearly visible, no birth and no death, no increase and no decrease, no beginning and no end, is self-contained, and never-ending running.

•The asymmetry of matter and antimatter: also known as baryon asymmetry, is naturally eliminated in the Yin-Yang Universe Model. By observing the Yin-Yang Universe Model, we found that the universe structure is symmetrical, the Yin Universe and the Yang Universe follow nonlinear symmetry, matter and antimatter are equal, parity is conserved, and the symmetry of matter and antimatter is explained simply and elegantly. This discovery will eliminate these obstacle illusions of the asymmetry of matter and antimatter, the broken symmetry of the universe, and the parity non-conservation.

•The cosmic puzzle of the cosmic megastructure: Observing the Yin-Yang Universe Model, the largest cosmic megastructures are the Universe Diaphragm and the Fisheye Way.

•Making dark matter and dark energy visible: What are dark matter and dark energy? Observing the Yin-Yang Universe Model, it is simple and elegant to explain that dark matter and dark energy are equivalent to the sum of three things: the antimatter universe, Fisheye Way and Universe Diaphragm.

For example, considering the equal amount of matter and antimatter in the universe, assuming that about 70% of the mass energy density in the universe is attributed to dark matter and dark energy, and 30% is the matter universe, let's simplify the estimate:

Universe 100% = Matter Universe 30% + Antimatter Universe 30% + Fisheye Way and Universe Diaphragm 40%

= Matter Universe 30% + Dark Matter and Dark Energy 70%, then,

Antimatter Universe 30% + Fisheye Way and Universe Diaphragm 40% = Dark Matter and Dark Energy 70%.

2.3. Universe Equation fully describes the entire Yin-Yang Universe.

As you know, the simple and correct exact solution of the Einstein Field Equation (1) is a spherical universe with an overall static appearance, that is, the Yin-Yang Universe Model.

Equation (1) introduces correction terms to obtain the corrected Equation (2).

Equation (2) is the mathematical framework of the Yin-Yang Universe Model, which fully describes the entire Yin-Yang Universe Model and is just called the Universe Equation.

Based on the basic postulate of the Yin-Yang Universe Model, the universe is no time dimension. The first step is to eliminate the time dimension. In the second step, we introduce three correction terms, the correction term of Zaitian Quantum Power $Z_{jk}$, the correction term of Nonlinear Symmetry $N_{jk}$, and the correction term of Chaotic Power $C_{jk}$. From this, we get the Universe Equation (2):

$$G_{uv}+{\Lambda g}_{uv}+Z_{jk}+N_{jk}+C_{jk}={\displaystyle \frac{8\pi G}{C^4}}{T}_{uv}$$

(2)

·$G_{uv}$ the Einstein tensor of space.

·$\Lambda$ the Cosmological constant, equivalent to Universe Consciousness, describing the contribution of Consciousness to drive the Yin-Yang Universe to maintain harmony from chaos to order and generate overall harmony without loopholes.

·$g_{uv}$ the metric tensor of space.

·$T_{uv}$ the stress–energy tensor of space.

·${\mathrm{Z}}_{\mathrm{j}\mathrm{k}}$ the correction term of Zaitian Quantum Power, describing the contribution of quantum entanglement effect to space geometry.

·${\mathrm{N}}_{\mathrm{j}\mathrm{k}}$ the correction term of Nonlinear Symmetry, describing the influence of nonlinear symmetry.

·$C_{jk}$ the correction term of Chaotic Power, describing the influence of chaotic power.

·$G$ the Newton gravitational constant.

·$C$ the Speed of light in vacuum.

Definition: The correction term of Zaitian Quantum Power Z_jk is to describe the Quantum Power, one of the basic Postulates of Yin-Yang Universe Model. It is a Yin-Yang interaction based on quantum entanglement, which can unify all basic interactions of the universe, including but not limited to the four known basic interactions.

By equivalently transforming Equation (2), generates Equation (3):

$$\Lambda =({\displaystyle \frac{8\pi G}{C^4}}{T}_{uv}-G_{uv}-Z_{jk}-N_{jk}-C_{jk})/g_{uv}$$

(3)

Equation (3) is the first Consciousness Equation of the universe, just called the Universe Consciousness Equation.

The power of creation that drives the Yin-Yang Universe to maintain harmony from chaos to order and generate overall harmony without loopholes is invisible, colorless, soundless, nameless, just called Universe Consciousness. Universe Consciousness is equivalent to the Cosmological constant.

2.4. Key evidences can support the Yin-Yang Universe Model.

•The distribution of instantaneous Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRB) in the sky is isotropic, which is a milestone evidence, simply and elegantly showing the law of the universe that all things are rushing Qi to make harmony, and the symmetry of the universe structure. Based on the visualization data during the BATSE mission, the positions of all gamma-ray bursts in the sky are distributed isotropically, and do not prefer a specific direction in space.

Figure 2. BATSE visualization data is isotropic (NASA/Wikipedia).

Figure 2. BATSE visualization data is isotropic (NASA/Wikipedia).

•The Quantum entanglement of matter and antimatter: In 2023, scientists used the STAR detector of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) to measure a new type of quantum entanglement of ${\pi }^{+}$ and ${\pi }^{-}$ particles. This new type of quantum entanglement can be regarded as evidence of the quantum entanglement between matter and antimatter. This evidence supports the basic Postulate of the Quantized Universe.

Figure 3. including quantum entanglement between matter and antimatter (Brookhavenlab).

Figure 3. including quantum entanglement between matter and antimatter (Brookhavenlab).

•The Universe Creation Machine: The evidence was found in the particle impact experiment conducted by Fermilab in 2010, which found that the amount of matter generated was about 1% more than the amount of antimatter. This evidence verified a possible mechanism for the universe to generate matter and antimatter. Fisheye Way is the ultra-complex Universe Creation Machine that has not yet been deciphered by humans. It can generate matter and antimatter endlessly. 1% of antimatter overflows from the fisheye of the Yang Universe, and 1% of matter overflows from the fisheye of the Yin Universe. The total amount of matter and antimatter in the universe is balanced by two-way regulation, maintaining the harmony of the universe, conservation of momentum and energy, and the equality of matter and antimatter. The 1% here is a convenient statement, not an objective description of the mechanism of the universe creation machine. The mechanism of the universe creation machine is an unsolved mystery of the new universe and provides a new direction for future scientific research.

3.1. Ten General Postulates of general relativity.

As you know, in February 1917, Einstein proposed Ten General Postulates of general relativity:

Table 2. Ten General Postulates of general relativity.

•Has spherical symmetry (center);	Kugelsymmetrie besitzt (Mittelpunkt);
•A self-contained space of finite, spatial volume (three-dimensional);	Ein in sich geschlossenes von endlichem, räumlichen (dreidimensionalem) Volumen;
•Centrically symmetrical, static field of gravity;	Zentrisch symmetrische, statische Gravitationsfelder;
•The spatial closure of the universe as a whole;	Der räumlichen Geschlossenheit des Weltganzen;
•There is a coordinate system relative to which matter can be considered to be eternally static;	Es gibt ein Koordinatensystem, relativ zu welchem die Materie als dauernd ruhend angesehen werden darf;
•A spherical space;	Ein sphärischer Raum;
•The Field Equation of Gravity proposed by me is for any chosen coordinate system;	Die von mir vorgeschlagenen Feldgleichungen der Gravitation lauten für ein beliebig gewähltes Koordinatensystem;
•It also satisfies conservation law of momentum and energy, … increased by a Cosmological constant;	Sie befriedigt auch Erhaltungssätze des Impulses und der Energie, …vermehrt um eine universelle Konstante;
•The newly introduced Cosmological constant Λ therefore determines both the average distribution density p, which can remain in equilibrium, and the radius R of the spherical space and its volume 2π2R3;	Die neu eingeführte universelle Konstante Λ bestimmt also sowohl die mittlere Verteilungsdichte p, welche im Gleichgewichte verharren kann, als auch den Radius R des sphärischen Raumes und dessen Volumen 2π2R3;
•The total mass M of the world is finite.	Die Gesamtmasse M der Welt ist end lich.

Table 2. Ten General Postulates of general relativity.

•Has spherical symmetry (center);	Kugelsymmetrie besitzt (Mittelpunkt);
•A self-contained space of finite, spatial volume (three-dimensional);	Ein in sich geschlossenes von endlichem, räumlichen (dreidimensionalem) Volumen;
•Centrically symmetrical, static field of gravity;	Zentrisch symmetrische, statische Gravitationsfelder;
•The spatial closure of the universe as a whole;	Der räumlichen Geschlossenheit des Weltganzen;
•There is a coordinate system relative to which matter can be considered to be eternally static;	Es gibt ein Koordinatensystem, relativ zu welchem die Materie als dauernd ruhend angesehen werden darf;
•A spherical space;	Ein sphärischer Raum;
•The Field Equation of Gravity proposed by me is for any chosen coordinate system;	Die von mir vorgeschlagenen Feldgleichungen der Gravitation lauten für ein beliebig gewähltes Koordinatensystem;
•It also satisfies conservation law of momentum and energy, … increased by a Cosmological constant;	Sie befriedigt auch Erhaltungssätze des Impulses und der Energie, …vermehrt um eine universelle Konstante;
•The newly introduced Cosmological constant Λ therefore determines both the average distribution density p, which can remain in equilibrium, and the radius R of the spherical space and its volume 2π2R3;	Die neu eingeführte universelle Konstante Λ bestimmt also sowohl die mittlere Verteilungsdichte p, welche im Gleichgewichte verharren kann, als auch den Radius R des sphärischen Raumes und dessen Volumen 2π2R3;
•The total mass M of the world is finite.	Die Gesamtmasse M der Welt ist end lich.

In his German article "Cosmological Considerations on the General Theory of Relativity" (Kosmologische Betrachtungen zur allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie), Einstein proposed a spherical universe model. This model is fully compatible with the Ten General Postulates of general relativity (Table Ⅱ). The article contains early explorations of Einstein's ideas on a Unified Field Theory. As Einstein stated, "the Field Equation of Gravity proposed by me is for any chosen coordinate system," a principle consistent with the model's adherence to the Ten General Postulates of general relativity.

The Einstein Spherical Universe Model describes a self-contained, finite, and static closed three-dimensional space. Within this model, the distribution of mass-energy can achieve equilibrium.

Observing from a perspective outside the universe three spatial dimensions (a hypothetical construct for visualization), The overall appearance of the universe is a static closed sphere. However, within this space, dynamic processes such as the movement of celestial bodies would occur. All astronomical observations are confined to the universe three spatial dimensions. All current observational evidence does not conclusively refute the possibility of a static closed universe as described by Einstein's model.

3.2. The mystery, introduction and challenge of the Cosmological constant Λ.

•The mystery of the Cosmological constant Λ: The Cosmological constant problem is a cosmic problem in modern physics. In the Universe Equation (2), the Cosmological constant Λ describes "the contribution of Consciousness to drive the Yin-Yang Universe to maintain harmony from chaos to order and generate overall harmony without loopholes".

Generating overall harmony without loopholes must rely on the Cosmological constant Λ. Quantum Power, Chaotic Power, Nonlinear Symmetry, the Great Wall Effect, and the Universe Creation Machine, they work day and night, each doing their part, and rushing Qi to make harmony, each contributing to the symmetry conservation, dynamic balance, and overall harmony of the universe, but they are all contributions with loopholes.

The Cosmological constant Λ is equivalent to Universe Consciousness, which is manifested through the Consciousness of the observer. From the perspective of Tao, the Cosmological constant Λ can be regarded as the artistic name of Tao, which describes the natural laws and internal driving power of the universe, and describes the contribution of Consciousness to drive the universe to maintain harmony from chaos to order and generate overall harmony without loopholes.

•Introduction of the Cosmological constant Λ: Considering the spherical universe model, Einstein added a cosmological constant Λ to Equation (1) as a convenient and necessary option, so that the universe can remain harmonious, the distribution of mass-energy can achieve equilibrium, the momentum energy is conserved, and the universe is observed to be a static closed sphere from outside the universe three spatial dimensions.

•The challenge of the Cosmological constant Λ: From February 1917 to January 2025, the Einstein Spherical Universe Model was abandoned, forgotten, and no one cared about it. Einstein's model conflicts with the standard cosmological model Lambda-CDM. The overall appearance of the universe, one is static and the other is dynamic, and they are completely incompatible. Due to the lack of evidence, Einstein was unable to refute the challenge of the expansion hypothesis of the universe, shelved his spherical universe model and failed to complete Einstein's Unified Field Theory.

Using the simple method of observing pictures to talk, we believe that the Yin-Yang Universe Model provides visual image evidence for the Einstein Spherical Universe Model. In any case, I think our observations have convinced us that the empirical facts of observation allow us to conclude that the Einstein Spherical Universe Model is a credible and correct option.

From the perspective of today's astronomical knowledge, combined with the Einstein Spherical Universe Model, galaxy redshift and the cosmic microwave background (CMB) can be deciphered easily and elegantly. Hubble's observation of distant galaxy redshift should not be interpreted as "the universe itself is expanding, and the galaxies are expanding with it", but should be interpreted as evidence of the Yin Universe, representing the antimatter universe. The light from distant, away from the Yin Universe into the Yang Universe, the observer in the Yang Universe will observe the galaxy redshift. It should be insisted that Hubble observed antimatter galaxies and the antimatter universe. By the same principle, the cosmic microwave background is strong evidence of the antimatter universe.

From what has been said so far, it is clear that we have truly successfully witnessed the return of the Einstein Spherical Universe Model.