Characteristics of Homeostasis in the Control Center with a Model to Reverse Epimutations

Steven Olsen

doi:10.20944/preprints202412.0567.v1

Submitted:

06 December 2024

Posted:

06 December 2024

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Abstract

This paper is concerned with the characteristics of intracellular homeostasis within the control center. This includes building a model of its functional components and a means to understand dysfunctional homeostasis in terms of epigenetic profiles. A method to diagnose and reverse epimutations is theorized based on the mechanisms of hormesis. Epigenetic study designs are suggested using ultra-high dilutions in order to validate this model and ascertain optimal dosage schedules. As most diseases can be traced back to specific failures in homeostasis, this topic is relevant to defining the internal cause of nearly every disease process, allowing for the possibility of a useful intervention. Although a comprehensive application can be derived from this model, many questions remain unanswered.

Keywords:

homeostasis

;

set points

;

control center

;

epigenetics

;

epimutations

;

homeostasis filter

;

recruitment

;

hormesis

;

dose-response relationship

;

ultra-high dilutions

;

preconditioning

;

quantum biology

Subject:

Medicine and Pharmacology - Medicine and Pharmacology

Introduction

The study of homeostasis includes; how end-points, such as blood pressure values communicate with sensors (receptors), then how this information is transferred to a Control Center [1] in the cell where it interacts with error detectors and finally with an effector to produce a corrective response. The control center compares the end-point value to the optimal set-point range. If the end-point value deviates too much from the set-point, then the control center activates an effector. An effector signal (example: hormonal response) causes a change to reverse the situation and return the end-point value, say blood pressure back toward the normal range [2,3].

Homeostasis has become a central concept of biology; potentially able to explain all aspects of how organisms function, why diseases occur and how to reverse them. Hippocrates (460-377 B.C.), believed diseases could be cured by nature's own abilities; by a vis medicatrix naturae, an idea which implies the existence of a self-healing agency, ready to operate correctively when the normal state of the organism is out of balance. Homeostasis was a term first used by physiologist Walter Cannon in 1926:

The coordinated physiological processes which maintain most of the steady states in the organism are so complex and so peculiar to living beings—involving, as they may, the brain and nerves, the heart, lungs, kidneys and spleen, all working cooperatively—that I have suggested a special designation for these states, homeostasis. The word does not imply something set and immobile, a stagnation. It means a condition—a condition which may vary, but which is relatively constant [4].

James Hardy, seventy years ago documented the concept of a set-points or desired physiological range of values that homeostasis accomplishes [5]. George Billman in 2020 explains one of the most modern interpretation of homeostasis:

Homeostasis has become the central unifying concept of physiology and is defined as a self-regulating process by which an organism can maintain internal stability while adjusting to changing external conditions. Homeostasis is not static and unvarying; it is a dynamic process that can change internal conditions as required to survive external challenges. It is also important to note that homeostatic regulation is not merely the product of a single negative feedback cycle but reflects the complex interaction of multiple feedback systems that can be modified by higher control centers. This hierarchical control and feedback redundancy results in a finer level of control and a greater flexibility that enables the organism to adapt to changing environmental conditions. The health and vitality of the organism can be said to be the end result of homeostatic regulation. An understanding of normal physiology is not possible without an appreciation of this concept [6].

When homeostasis works well, disease is prevented, when it breaks down, stress can overwhelm a function in the control center and disease becomes possible:

Homeostasis underlies many, if not all, disease processes…All in all, every medical condition can be traced back to failure at some point in the homeostatic control system, whether it be in the inability to detect the initial external change, failure of initiating a feedback loop, failure to enact a response to return to the setpoint, or failure in the setpoint itself. The goal of the health care provider must be to restabilize the internal milieu of the body without causing further harm and to do so promptly to avoid the death of cells from dysregulation, and irreparable failure of organ systems [7].

… it is clear that biological systems are continuously making short-term adaptations both to set-points, and to the range of ‘normal’ capacity. These transient adaptations typically occur in response to relatively mild changes in conditions, to programs of exercise training, or to sub-toxic, non-damaging levels of chemical agents [8]

The model of homeostasis:

[9]

Set Points in a Control Center

It is assumed that within each cell is a control center where the set-points are located and various mechanisms are involved to compare the value of the end-points with the optimal set-point value. Most likely these same set-points are also utilized for cell differentiation, because cell differentiation requires nearly all the same functions as cell maintenance. By analogy, when building a house, a set of plans is needed, if the house was partly destroyed, the same set of plans can be used to rebuild it. Why would nature use one set of set-points for cell differentiation, building cells and a second set for homeostasis, maintaining cells? Unfortunately the mechanism of set-points or the cellular signals that generate the set-points have not been found:

However, one source of difficulty is that, in most cases, we do not know the molecular or cellular mechanisms that generate a signal of a particular magnitude. What is clear is that certain physiological systems behave as though there is a set point signal that is used to regulate a physiological variable <end-point> [3].

What cellular organelle is able to create and store the set-points range? Unfortunately this is also not determined:

The factors that contribute to the normal range or, in our model, the set point, of a particular variable are undoubtedly complex and, in most cases, have not been elucidated [3]. Another challenge to our understanding of set points arises from the fact that set points are clearly changeable, either physiologically or as the result of a pathological change in the system. The mechanisms that cause variations in a set point can operate temporarily, permanently, or cyclically. Physiologically, this can occur as a result of discrete physiological phenomena (e.g., fever), the operation of hierarchical homeostasis (e.g., regulation of ECF Pco₂) or through the influence of biological clocks (e.g., circadian or diurnal rhythms of body temperature). The observation that set points can be changed adds complexity to our understanding of homeostatic regulation and can lead to confusion about whether the measured change in a regulated variable results from a change in the physiological stimulus or from a changing set point. In these cases, it is important to make such distinctions between a change in the stimulus and the modulation of the set point to arrive at an accurate picture of how a particular homeostatically regulated system operates [3].

The fact that the value of set-points can be changed adds complexity to the model. It means there is a hierarchy of needs and functions,1 with the ability to change a set-point when it is required to be modified, depending on the most important needs of the organism at any point in time. For example during a fever the set-point for body temperature is increased.

The information being sent to each control center originates from every structure and function in a living organism, from the totality of the end-points. It is a vast amount of information continuously being collected and processed, resulting in modifications to gene expression, directions given to enzymes, production of messenger molecules, continuous cellular repair and anatomical modeling. It is possible to measure the results of this processing, which is a description of normal anatomy, biochemistry and physiology, but as each cell needs to define itself, one of the first steps is epigenetic identification. This first step, creating unique cells from stem cells is unfortunately poorly understood:

Little direct data is available concerning the specific signals that influence the epigenome and the majority of current knowledge about the subject consists of speculations on plausible candidate regulators of epigenetic remodeling …

In summary, the role of signaling in the epigenetic control of cell fate in mammals is largely unknown [10].

Although these difficulties exist, such as the location of the set-points, mechanics of information processing within the set-points, how hierarchies of set-points are built, how the set-point values are changed day to day and how the set points communicate with the effectors such as signals informing the epigenome; a model can be built based on its agreement with known phenomena and not in contradiction with known phenomena. Within the cytoplasm and cellular organelles there are agreed on functions of the control center:

Characteristics of the Control Center

-: The Filter -

The filter in the control center is the totality of interconnected set-points. All the information from the external and internal environment continuously passes through it. This information includes data from the conscious five senses, emotional experiences, mental thoughts, autonomic nervous system information, the structures and functions of each cell, as well as the well described feedback systems controlling the main physiological systems such as oxygen needs, electrolytes balance, blood pressure, hydration status, appetite and hormonal balances etc. There is almost instantaneous processing of this information as it is identified and interpreted.2 The next step requires communication with an effector to implement a reaction, such as a conscious reaction to avoid injury,3 repair DNA, adjust methylation patterns on the epigenome or carry out any number of the almost countless repair operations needed in a cell. These reactions to an effector are temporally variable depending on the level of threat to the organism as a whole and the nature of influence. They can be extremely rapid, more gradual, extremely slow and or almost imperceptibly slow.4,5 Emotional reactions for example are continuous and instantaneous reactions from this filter even if they are not expressed. This explains why individuals have exact patterns to their personalities, as the characteristics of the total set-points are structurally pre-defined. The positive influences from the environment such as optimal nutrition and positive emotional interactions, as they pass through this filter, bring more vitality to the control center as a whole, promote development, increase adaptation, make bonds between set-points stronger, improve communication to the identity of the individual, optimize overall health and extend the life process. Negative influences, such as stress and toxicity do the opposite; they can alter and break communication pathways in the control center (such as leaving certain set-points inaccessible, exaggerating the influence of others or changing the order of their priority), thus disrupting homeostasis, delaying development and thus generate patterns of disease susceptibility.

This filter seems to exist in every cell and displays communication with the same filters in every other cell. These filters through a means not yet determined seem to be directly connected to every structure from each atom, chemical/electrical signal all the way to having a clear perception of the organism as a whole. This allows for the total amount of information processing and reactions to be shared by the control centers of every cell. This awareness makes it possible to either ignore certain information or when needed, respond to some distant cell's needs in some manner, called recruitment. The set-points for identity, hierarchical goals, developmental stages, and knowledge of the whole organism in each cell are taken into account with each reaction.6 This leads to the best possible response for the organism as a whole, based on available resources, as well as the short and long term goals.

What are the mechanisms involved? The totality of the set-points are arranged in a hierarchy, a mechanism to evaluate incoming information and a means to communicate back to an effector. This mechanism relies on the characteristics of different types of information processing, the information collected from small molecules, such as mRNA, electrical signals and hormones. The control center displays a ‘subconscious knowledge’ of its identity; the totality of interconnected set-points, with a means to alter them and a capacity to build and alter every somatic end-point. Most likely when this subconscious identity in the control center interacts with the awake brain it helps the brain to experience conscious thoughts and feelings.7 The totality of set-points can also be referred to as the reference image for that organism. As the organism develops it can continuously refer to this ideal blueprint to chart its course. The advantages of such a system includes, each cell having its individual identity, but also the ability to compare or reference this identity of one cell to the overall image. To achieve an overall ideal structure and function of the whole organism and a means to implement developmental stages - morphogenesis. This provides a means of checks and balances, the ability to compare one cell's role to the overall objectives of the whole organism in terms of all the defined set of healthy set-points, the agreed upon hierarchy of needs between cells and predetermined hierarchy of needs. If the identity of the reference image is unobstructed by present conditions or pathological inheritance patterns then not only can biological goals such as procreation be achieved but also the life goals of the individual. When individuals can’t achieve life goals untimely pathologies can develop.8

One last attribute of the set-points acting as a dynamic whole is flexibility and creativity. Cells and organisms often need to find solutions to stresses never experienced before, as problem solving is necessary for survival and evolutionary reasons. As set-points can interact with the conscious mind, creativity is a consequence enabling the emergent functions of ingenuity, imagination and artistic ability. It is interesting that highly creative people report great difficulty in identifying the source of their abilities, as all the set-points are subconscious autonomic functions.

-: The Recovery Mechanism -

When a stress is sustained in sufficient duration and intensity, it can temporarily overwhelm a particular homeostasis function, and begin a disease process. Even in these situations the control center has a remarkable ability to receive a negative influence and produce a counter response, so well coordinated, as to not only put order back into the cells affected, but also create immunity to that negative stress in the future. The healthy functioning of this mechanism explains all adaptive reactions, epigenetic evolution, viral immunity, drug resistance, emotional resilience and the healing mechanism itself. At times unfortunately the stress duration and intensity combine to break a connection in the homeostasis mechanism. The diagnosis of the deficiencies of this mechanism in the control center when diseases occur is the key to finding the cause and cure for every individual with a chronic disease. The mechanism involves the ability of this central processor to clearly and accurately understand the stress, the ability to find a solution and ability to implement a plan to counter the stress. But how can we access the control center and make a diagnosis of the set-points and their connections, which are no longer functional and rebuild them, thus restoring optimal homeostasis? This is discussed further in: A Method to Reverse Epimutations [11] and later in this paper.

-: The Individual Patterns Within the Central Processor Filter -

Reactions from the filter follow a distinctive pattern for each individual. Each set-point of the filter has a relative strength, weakness and character associated with it, depending on many factors such as inheritance and present environmental conditions. This is perhaps the most interesting aspect of the homeostasis filter because each individual has certain areas that are very susceptible to a particular illness pattern and other areas that are resistant to illness. Each individual is born with certain genetic, epigenetic and homeostasis tendencies. It is the goal of the overall homeostasis functions in the control center to never let any of these disease tendencies be activated. It is the prime directive of every living entity to; ‘fight to preserve life and health’ - it is an active arrow pointing in one direction. Information from the environment, nourishment, emotional experiences, and stress are evaluated and the individual can either benefit from them, leading to an increase in overall vitality, or have to compensate for them in some way leading to an overall loss in vitality. If it can compensate, there is no disease process. If there is not enough compensation then a disease process can start. The disease will follow defined physical and emotional patterns; with the control center only able to allow symptoms and produce changes in physiology in areas defined by the limits of that individual’s particular structural susceptibility. Because the filter has a structure, which can become compromised, there are limits, depending on the severity of the problem or the degree that positive thinking techniques, or replacement therapy can be used to override these structural systems. These structural patterns in the control center are extremely individualized, for example, a hundred people with migraine headaches will unlikely have the same homeostasis patterns/the same filter/same character of set-point deficiencies. It is interesting that when autism brains were studied to find common genetic and epigenetic markers, there were almost none in common [12]. Each person with autism, or on the spectrum seemed to have a separate disease process, but similar symptoms. The same is true of cancer. Diseases start as individual unique entities in the control center (depending on the set-points affected), and then after passing through stages, such as gene expression, protein formation and alterations in signal/chemical pathways, eventually the individual aspects join common end-point pathways resulting in frequent and prevalent symptoms that can be classified into diseases. Further on, the symptoms become more localized and finally end in still more common pathways such as producing pain, inflammation, fatigue, irritability and sleep disruption etc. The end-points will display these common symptoms but if closely observed some of the unique characteristics will remain. The defining characteristics of a disease, in order to be diagnosed at the causative level, need to be determined as unique entities in the control center. As these errors in the set points can’t be measured directly, the epigenetic patterns they create is most likely in the future the next best and most reliable diagnostic tool (combined with other data of each patient such as symptom picture and other lab tests).

-: Set-Points and the Analysis Filter are Made of What Materials? -

As described in my paper, Rebuilding Quantum Homeostasis [13] - the analogue model is not sufficient to explain the functions of the control center or its filter. The physical structure would need to be very large in order to process the necessary information and no such structure exists in each cell.9 The second possibility is a digital model. Signals could be measured along the DNA or mRNA. In this model, certain desirable signals resonate with desirable gene set-points, in which case no action is taken. In other cases, negative incoming signals light-up and resonate with genes that generate instructions to adjust the end-point. This model or another model explaining digital storage of information could explain some homeostasis functions, but these signals and mechanisms have not been found to explain every aspect, especially where the set-point is storing its information. Additionally, it does not solve the problem of cooperation and communication between cells to build organs, body systems or a whole viable organism. It also does not explain healing recruitment functions or a means to the overall unfolding of an organism's development through many stages of cellular differentiation. The last possibility is a quantum biological model [14,15].

Recently, developments in experimental techniques such as ultrafast spectroscopy, single molecule spectroscopy, time-resolved microscopy and single particle imaging have enabled us to study biological dynamics on increasingly small length and time scales, revealing a variety of processes necessary for the function of the living system that depend on a delicate interplay between quantum and classical physical effects [14].

This model requires a quantum structure for all set-points in every cell. The advantage of this model is that no physical space is required, all the set-points are in a quantum superposition [16],10 arranged as a filter creating binary codes that either allow and promote a particular end-point structures and functions or disallow them and work against harmful environmental influences and pathological end-point structures and functions. It also allows for extremely rapid processing of information because entangled quantum fields:

… correlate <their> behavior instantaneously with <their> entangled partner, regardless of distance [17].

Atoms and molecules already use this model to create and maintain themselves. The different fields for each atom of which there are many, are all superimposed on one another in a superposition, this information allows a certain atom or molecule to exist.11 The information and number of fields involved in biological structures is just scaled upward to allow for the rules to create each cell type and a whole organism. This is the definition of biological quantum processing: complex patterns of field interacting. As this system is semi-conscious it is able to analyze information and make the best possible decisions based on available information and prime directives. It is partly structural and partly informational.

Because every set-point is a set of quantum fields interacting, it has knowledge of and is interconnected with every other set-point, it is possible to build a hierarchy. For example at the center of the hierarchy is the binary or perhaps qualitative structural determination for every afferent bit of information: “is this influence life enhancing or life limiting to the organism as a whole?” As every ‘bit of information’ is passed through all the set-points of the filter, a conclusion is reached and an action is taken to either react to compensate for the stress or react to use it to enhance the whole organism. For example, a sudden increase in blood pressure is recorded by the set-points. An evaluation is considered based on information collected from the whole organism, such as the nature of the situation, which in this instance is the individual running away from danger - a fight and flight situation. As a result, it is determined that the higher blood pressure is needed to save the life of the organism and the high blood pressure is allowed to continue, with an enhanced and supportive reaction from the rest of the organism, with some limits imposed. In a different situation, an individual from Mongolia is drinking salty tea on a daily basis, as this is part of their cultural diet [18]. In this situation the organism reacts with every means possible to lower the blood pressure, such as increasing thirst to aid in salt excretion by the kidneys, through perspiration, by dilation of blood vessels and adjusting the heart's action. Perhaps it can also make the tea taste too salty to produce a behavioral change. All of these are compensation reactions which help to lower blood pressure, but not in all cases will it prevent pathology from developing. The filter in the control center, for each individual, is able to pass information through nearly all the quantum set-point parameters to determine what action or non action to take. It is a holistic and comprehensive model.

But how do afferent electrical signals, small molecule messengers, hormone receptors, thoughts and emotions manage to translate their data into a quantum language to be evaluated by the central processor and after processing it, how do quantum signals translate back into non-quantum effector instructions affecting physical end-points?

The theory of decoherence is precisely the study of such situations … in particular to the question of whether and how the ‘classical world’ may emerge from quantum mechanics [19]

One possible theory is that biological molecules, cell organelles, organs and whole organisms (the totality of end-points) which are governed by classical physics are also at the ultra-microscopic level, made from quantum fields and obey the laws of quantum field theory, including the ability to be in a comprehensive superposition. Every structure and function in each organism is therefore already in a superposition, it’s at this level where all the analysis functions of homeostasis are taking place. This theory of a quantum biological computer, is based on the premise that all these biological fields are connected, they can receive information from every end-point directly and also receive some information through classical feedback systems. The quantum computer can then also send instructions to the effectors, such as arranging methylation patterns on the DNA, helping to fold proteins correctly and in communication with enzymes. Biological systems are all made of atoms and atoms/signals are ultimately made from quantum fields. All these quantum aspects from each atom, each molecule, each organelle and each cell are directly connected and evaluated in the quantum control center.

The red line is the collection of classical data, the green line is the collection of quantum data. The reaction to an effector can also follow to the end points by either or both routes.

This explains how information can pass back and forth between the two worlds (classical and quantum), they work together to maintain form and function. For example, can an iron atom in a red blood cell inform the quantum computer in the control center that it has just become bound to an oxygen atom? It’s a difficult question to answer [20], but oxygen requirements are tightly controlled by homeostasis, neither too much or too little oxygen is permitted in any one area of the body [21]. Nothing in biology that we can measure violates the theory above which defines this model. The healthy structures of quantum homeostasis, the totality of the set-points, their ability to analyze information, is based on specific connections and the quality of these connections. Circuits in a computer work because they are connected. What happens when these quantum connections fail or the set-points fail?

-: Dysfunctional Homeostasis -

Most likely dysfunctional homeostasis and the beginning of a disease process comes from one or more of the following: (List 1:)

-: A loss in connections between set-points. Isolation from necessary set-points.
-: A loss in the accuracy of information between set-points.
-: Certain set-points themselves are diminished/fading away12.
-: Certain set-points have become exaggerated and or too dominant.
-: The recruitment mechanism has broken down between set-points.
-: The mechanism to compare the information from the end-point to the set-point has broken down.
-: Incorrect information or incorrect conclusions is/are retained in certain set-points, leading to incorrect analysis and incorrect effector responses.13
-: Information bounces between a limited number of set-points with no solution found.14
-: Incorrect translation between classical biological systems and quantum biological systems.

In any one individual, one or more of the above quantum homeostasis pathologies may be taking place. In this model, they can all affect or create an aberrant pattern onto the epigenome, then eventually create symptoms. These pathologies in the control center are conditional upon many factors, (too many to mention), but always the susceptibility inheritance pattern will play a role, life history and the conditions of the ambient present environment.15 Episodes of famine endured in past generations, the effects of war on past generations, ground water tainted with toxins such as lead or arsenic, the chemical load acquired from highly processed foods, exposure to industrial chemicals, drug intake etc can all play a role in disturbing set-points. Set-points or their connections fail when the stress is repeated too often and is in a dose that is strong enough to produce a stress that is stronger than the connections between the set-points or the integrity/information of a set-point.

When overwhelming emotional experiences produce one of the effects listed above such as stress to a connection between two set points we actually have language to describe it. We use expressions like, ‘I felt like I was coming apart at the seams,’ or ‘at that moment, I snapped,’ or ‘I was falling apart,’ ‘I felt compressed or stretched.’ Or I felt ‘burned out’ or ‘I lost my perspective’. When positive events happen we can feel; ‘vibrant’, ‘energized’, ‘centered’, ‘serene’, ‘peaceful’ and can transmit these positive states of being to others. It makes sense that we are partially conscious of what is taking place in the quantum control center, as it is connected to every neuron. But many tendencies can be correlated with this list:

-: A person with an inflated ego; this is more easily explained by a set-point that has become too dominant/exaggerated.
-: Low confidence, the opposite, a diminished set-point leading to fear or a feeling of powerlessness.
-: Grief is also most likely an exaggerated/inflexible connection or a set-point that has become too dominant.
-: Cancer most likely is the loss of the connections to the identity set-points for that particular cell type. Or the identity set points for that cell type are themselves diminished or corrupted.
-: Allergic reactions seem to be exaggeration reactions, based on set-points that are too dominant and too easily activated.
-: Indignation; individuals who feel offended easily have set-points of identity that are too dominant and also too insecure.
-: Phobias are most likely over-dominant set-points, too connected to over developed survival instincts.
-: Indifference is most likely diminishment of certain set-points or a loss of connection to life goal set-points.
-: Depression has many forms but some of the worst include set-points that contain overwhelming functions of self criticism. Healthy set-points in this domain can modify behavior with self reflection or learn from mistakes and move on. In other forms of depression there is a lack of connection to others, animals or vocation. Nourishing stimuli from the outside world never reach any set-point. If there is one or two connections remaining intact they often become exaggerated.
-: Violence reactions; these are most likely connections that are exaggerated between set-points of dignity, self preservation, justice or fixed ideas about superiority.
-: Pain, inflammation, sleep disruption and low vitality are end results and consequences of almost any imbalance in the control center.

When the control center is under stress, in most cases all that is needed to reestablish its integrity, viability and vitality is to replenish nutrition, regain hydration and sleep. The control center is holding organisms together through its network of connections. If the control center is compromised in some way or ways, the effect can be temporary or more permanent. In every case, because of its prime directives, this control center responds positively to all the information as best it can. If too many of the connections are broken or there is a complete loss of connection to the most vital set-points, there can be a lack of any healing reaction and death can occur. If an individual is born with certain disconnection patterns, a pathological configuration in the homeostasis filter, certain developmental stages may never be realized and certain cells can never be maintained in a healthy state. The totality of set-points left healthy are isolated and therefore insufficient recruitment occurs, allowing the reference image to remain for that cell type in a pathological condition. The control center is now, with new stressors from the environment more prone to create a certain chronic disease process. The leftover healthy functions of homeostasis attempt to compensate and often for brief periods of time are able to achieve a remission of symptoms. As time goes on, drugs too are only partially effective, for example corticosteroids decrease inflammation in many diseases such as eczema, asthma and autoimmune diseases, but over time larger and larger doses are often needed. This explains why drugs that only affect symptoms, or superficially affect the chemistry under the pathology eventually become ineffective. There are no current pharmaceutical drugs at the present time developed to correct the various pathologies of the control center. As more compensation mechanisms fail, even lifestyle changes are often not enough.

What is a scientific method to diagnose and correct pathological configurations at the causative level in the control center and rebuild them before they become incurable chronic diseases?

-: Self Healing - The Vis Medicatrix Natural -

The ability to self heal comes from the coordinated responses of the control center. It is a function of homeostasis and a function of the adaptive response. The ability of an organism to produce exactly the opposite reaction in kind and in measure to any stress is the key to self healing. Most likely we will never be able to visualize or directly measure the algorithm of each healing function in the control center. Another method is needed to access the control center and make a diagnosis. One method involves the use of ultra-high dilutions.

-: A Method to Indirectly Quantify the exact Net Errors of the Control Center -

A method to indirectly diagnose all variations of these fallible structures in the control center is available to us. This is the study of toxicogenomics[22] and thousands of substances have already been cataloged in this way [23]. If a known substance is used as a stress, such as Arsenic, it will produce physical effects and also break specific aspects in the quantum control center. As a result an epigenetic record is created (toxicity and a reaction to the toxicity), the most important aspect being what is especially unique as to how that substance changes the epigenome. This toxicology pattern can be recorded in terms of its epigenetic profile, as well as its metabolic markers, pathophysiology, histological studies, and totality of symptoms. These markers create an overall profile of the accumulated net errors in the control center, and therefore it can become a very accurate diagnostic tool based on the data which is reproducible and accurate if enough subjects are studied for each substance. Toxicology is a tool to name a specific pattern of breaks and deficiencies in the quantum control center. Each toxin creates its own pattern of stresses and breaks of homeostasis and therefore defines and names this pattern. Because there are so many substances to test, including all known mineral combinations, all species of plants on land and sea as well as all the interesting compounds made by animals; thankfully the list is almost endless. Because the mental and emotional set-points are connected to all the set-points affecting physical functions, each substance will always have an emotional story to go along with it.

For example the elements of Sodium and Chloride are associated with very strong tendencies to sentimentality, grief, easy infatuation and fear of criticism. Sulphur is associated with an enlarged ego, the need for praise on a daily basis and a critical disposition. Arsenic is associated with the tendency toward anxiety, fear of death and the need to control others in order to get their needs met. These traits/characteristics operating continuously in the subconscious can add to the totality of data (toxicogenomic) needed to make an accurate diagnosis of what substance is needed for each patient.

Toxicogenomics/epigenetic toxicology is over twenty years old now and becoming an established method of diagnosis. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468202023000591)

For example the epigenetic toxicology signature for Arsenic is quite well understood [24].

While the precise mode of action in arsenic-induced disease is unknown, one of the proposed mechanisms is altered gene regulation via epigenetic modes of action such as DNA methylation… In conclusion, these results demonstrate that a large number of genes are epigenetically modified in the lymphocyte DNA of individuals exposed to As <Arsenic> with related arsenicosis… Our findings demonstrate the significant effects of iAs <Arsenic> on the epigenome. The identified methylation sites and differential DNA methylation patterns may serve as biomarkers of adverse health effects associated with iAs <Arsenic> exposure [25].

Here is an artistic representative image of an epimutation, the attached molecules on the DNA is incorrectly placed:

[26]

The two bright white spots depict methylation of a gene in a place that creates pathology. Here is an actual map of Arsenic epimutations:

Arsenicosis-associated patterns of DNA methylation. The heat map illustrates the average DNA methylation levels in promoter regions of 183 genes. Data are z-score normalized for each gene. Red represents a relative increase in CpG island methylation level, and blue represents a relative decrease we in methylation level [25].

As is depicted above, Arsenic actually affects many genes, with both hypo and hyper-methylation patterns. These studies depict the possibility of an epigenetic signature or unique fingerprint for each toxin. If every substance can be individualized in terms of their signature a major accomplishment will be realized because it means a type of diagnosis has been made. Each substance is defining and naming a unique pathology. The totality of all the ways in which the control center can be broken by a substance is the same set as all natural occurring diseases. Diseases break the control center in the same ways as the breaks made by substances. For example a patient with hay fever is sick in the same way as if they had been exposed to onion vapor (Burning watery eyes and same epimutation profile). A gastroenteritis can have the same symptoms as if they had been exposed to Ipecac (Nausea and vomiting and same epimutation profile), a cancer can present as if they had been exposed to Arsenic (same histological features and same epimutation profile). The list of pathologies from substances correlates with the list of pathologies from all mixed causes; inherited and acquired. Time and testing will be needed to further prove this concept. There are a limited number of ways that homeostasis can be broken, each toxin breaks certain functions in homeostasis, the same functions can be broken by natural diseases.

In order to advance this model to the next step, the concept of hormesis needs to be introduced.

-: Hormesis is a Dose Dependent Phenomena -

Hormesis studies, which number in the thousands [27], tell us that all substances in large doses or if repeated too often become toxic - damage specific functions of homeostasis, while small doses of the same substances are stimulants, and the smallest doses - ultra high dilutions, are the strongest stimulants if not repeated too often. Stimulants to the exact same areas of homeostasis functions which the large doses can damage. One could call this one of the rules of nature, a natural law: for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Indeed, under the push of a stressor at low doses, the stimulus source can positively promote or regulate the physiological functions of organisms by inducing the reconstruction of homeostasis. However, at high doses, the disruption of balance and the lack of compensation in the organism can lead to harmful effects [27].

The mechanism/principle of hormesis is an example of the generalized adaptive response, which operates in every biological species. In this model, any substance, experience or influence can be a benefit or inflict harm depending on the dose and repetition. Most likely its benefits are achieved through the mechanisms of recruitment. The harm is inflicted because every structure and its corresponding set-points have limited integrity and can be overwhelmed.

Over time, hormesis has become recognized as a fundamental concept in biology. It affects, for example, toxicology, microbiology, medicine, public health, and agriculture [28].

Hormesis - the use of the adaptive response, controlled by homeostasis, is used daily by the control center to make healthy functions more resilient, extend life, improve reproduction, increase intelligence but it also lends itself to a crucial function: the rebuilding of lost homeostasis. In order for hormesis to be effective in this way, as a therapeutic intervention, the match between the epigenetic signature of the substance and the patient's epimutations and symptom picture needs to be 99% or better. Why 99% or better? When homeostasis engineers a cellular function it has to be exact to work optimally. For example the Krebs Cycle in the mitochondria to create ATP is exact, 99 or 100% exact. If a part of this cycle breaks, exact knowledge and functions are needed to repair it. This is the same with any disease process. Every function is exact down to the molecular level, in order to repair it also requires an exact function. Many times the homeostasis mechanism when broken in a certain area can find a clever workaround to make up for the deficit, but it’s not optimal and leads to overall strain on the system and a lower energy state.

What is the mechanism of healing in this example of hormesis? Because the set-points have plasticity (qualitative features, size and quality of connection to other set-points), hormesis by an exact mechanism is still unknown. Such as searching for a more appropriate set-point, creating a new one, upgrading or downgrading a set-point and thus modify the pathology in the control center, according to the needs of the organism as a whole. During a disease process, when this capacity of recruitment is overwhelmed, severely compromised and or eventually lost, a specific stress in the form of a hormesis small dose, ultra-high dilution, can alert all the set-points to initiate a renewal of recruitment efforts to find a solution to the specific issue. In this model a disease on the quantum level can be defined as a pathological process in which the control center in certain cells has lost some of its abilities - see (List 1) above.

Isolated set-points for example restrict communication, limiting the overall abilities of homeostasis, allowing somatic pathology to develop. When the ultra-high dilution dose is exposed to all the cells, all the set-points, it can trigger latent recruitment mechanisms to reestablish themselves. In this way, the prima causum has been identified and repaired, self healing is now reestablished in an efficient and effective capacity. Order is reestablished into the affected cells. Why are small doses more effective? Their primary action (toxicity) is greatly diminished; their secondary action, hormesis effects are greatly enhanced. These effects can be tested quantitatively as proposed in the studies below.

Discussion

If all of the above concepts (homeostasis, toxicogenomics, hormesis, the superiority of very small doses) are integrated, a new method of diagnosis and treatment can be gradually tested. An example is needed to illustrate. Imagine a patient with cancer, he is 55 years old. It is determined his cancer is treatable with chemotherapy and radiation which is completed. In this first scenario, he goes into remission for two years and then the cancer returns in many areas and he dies six months later, leaving behind a large extended family. In the second scenario the same man at 55 on being diagnosed with cancer undergoes a white blood cell analysis for epimutations. Several are found. This pattern is searched in a database and a substance is found able to cause exactly the same epimutations in a large dose, the match is 99% or better. This substance is Arsenicum iodatum. Other blood and chemistry markers confirm this toxicogenomic substance. It is further confirmed that he had hyperthyroidism in the past and was treated with thyroid surgery. He is still very sensitive to heat and cold. He has always been underweight but recently this has become worse. He has always suffered from anxiety episodes especially about his health and accompanying restlessness. The history, matching of his epigenetic signature and presenting symptoms confirm the Arsenicum iodatum as a therapy. A dosage schedule is arranged to maximize the hormesis response. He is given three doses of the Ars-iod 30c (30c is an ultra-high dilution, see below), a day for three weeks. On the return visit to his doctor, it is found he has gained weight, his vitality has returned, the anxiety is greatly improved and the tumor size is unchanged. The dose is now changed to two doses of Ars-iod 30c a day for a month. After six weeks he reports feeling well in all areas. He is now given Ars-iod 200c once every three days for three months. He has no symptoms, the tumor size is only slightly smaller on follow up, but the epimutations are no longer present. All treatment is stopped. Six months later this patient experiences a high fever, flu like symptoms and a marked flushing of the face. Again his blood is analyzed and an epigenetic match is found with Ferrum phosphoricum. He is given one dose a day of 30c for three days and experiences a rapid recovery. He then takes this Ferr-phos 30c once a week for three months. On further examination six months later it is found the tumor is half its original size. He is monitored over the next ten years but no symptoms appear and no epimutations are found. At 75 he complains of joint pain and is given more doses of Ferrum phos 200c. This improves the situation.

In the second scenario, a medication, Arsenicum iodatum was prescribed to rebalance all the connections in the control centers of all the cells, this gradually returns the whole patient back to a state of health. Enough health to self-cure his own cancer. The Ars-iod 30c was more than 99% specific to his epimutation pattern. The Ferrum phosphoricum was also 99% specific to the infection epigenetic pattern. Lab testing of his epigenetic profile, additional markers and symptoms confirmed what medication he needed to take. Without this exact specificity, there is no possibility a cure can be realized. If this is not found, then the hormesis response will happen but not exactly in the right areas to realize a satisfactory curative response. Perhaps mistakenly, Arsenicum bromatum is given or Arsenicum sulphur is given. These are about 50% correct. No amelioration would be expected to be noticed by the patient in either case. Hormesis can be an effective tool to treat almost any chronic disease, if the epigenetic signature of the toxin is 99% exactly or 100% the same as the patient's epimutations and the dose prescribed is sufficiently small.16 It will take time to build these databases so that this degree of accuracy can be achieved. It can be built with the information of the epigenetic signatures of each substance, pathology biomarkers and the toxicology symptoms produced by that substance. Information from cured cases can also be added to the database for each substance.

Summary

For medicines to be used to correct epimutations and affect gene expression, a model is theorized based on a diagnosis of the functions of the control center, hormesis mechanisms and the use of ultra-high dilutions. When diseases occur, homeostasis functions break down, they produce epimutations in distinct patterns. By testing slightly toxic doses of toxins on healthy cells we can discover the epigenetic signatures of thousands of substances. If these signatures are put into a database, a patient's pattern of epimutations can be compared with the possibilities in the database. The database can be refined with a list of lab results, other biological markers and symptoms to confirm what medicine is needed. This model is utilitarian, and falsifiable. It does not need a quantum biological rationalization; I have included it because it is the model that best fits all the criteria and what is observed. By analogy, a quantum theory of gravity is not needed to design an airplane to fly. To date we have no proven quantum theory of gravity, no quantum field found and no gravity particle found, but its effects can be measured and used.

Hormesis, using ultra-high dilutions is a necessary theory to test, because it is one systematic method to access the necessary information concerning the set-points in the control center and determine the almost infinite number of ways its functions can be affected with known substances to produce epimutations. But this also correlates with the infinite number of diseases that can be defined in terms of epimutation patterns. It is a method to make corrections in the control center, before irreversible pathologies take hold.

Studies to Test this Theory

It is not widely accepted in the scientific community that ultra-high dilution doses can affect gene expression, but these six positive studies record gene expression effects [29,30,31,32,33,34]. Many more studies are needed to determine the optimal dose schedule for each ultra-high dilution such as 6c, 30c, 200c and 1M. This can also eventually lead to an understanding of how gene expression can be altered by such small doses. Here are the proposed study designs to show how epimutations can be reversed using ultra-high dilutions:

Study One - maximize the toxic effect of 6c, 12c, 30c, 200c, etc in order to determine the unique epimutations for each substance. See below.

Study Two- hormesis effect. Reversing of epimutations using 6c, 12c, 30c, 200c etc. See below.

Study Three - preconditioning effect. Preventive medicine using 6c, 12c, 30c, 200c etc. Determine the protective effects of each dilution. See below.

-: The possible dilutions currently available: -

6c = one part of the solute in ten to the 12 parts water. Or .000,000,000,001 parts of solute per dose. Typically as a therapeutic dose this can be used four to twelve times a day. As a toxic dose, two doses or more per hour.

12c = one part in 10²⁴ water. As a therapeutic dose: One dose a day for most chronic ailments but for life threatening cases, up to six doses a day. A toxic dose is one or two doses or more per hour.

30c = one part in 10⁶⁰ water. A therapeutic dose is one dose a week for most chronic ailments and up to three doses a day for life threatening cases. A toxic dose can start at three doses a day for those who are sensitive to the particular substance. Four to eight doses a day are in the toxic range.

200c = one part in 10⁴⁰⁰ water. A therapeutic dose can be one dose a month for three to six months in most chronic cases, and up to twice a day in life threatening cases. Toxic doses can be just one or more doses a week.

These dilutions of any known substance can be obtained or new ones manufactured in liquid form from Helios.co.uk. Any study being performed for any reason to determine the epimutation effects of a toxin can add one of these ultra high dilutions cohorts and verify their effects.

Study Designs

Study One: Toxicity - When the Small Dose is Repeated Too Often: With any epigenetic toxicology study add a cohort of the toxin in a 30c dilution (10 to the minus 60 dilution) repeated or exposured to the cells or organism six times a day. These dilutions can be ordered from a pharmacy that has the technology to make them correctly [33]. Also if possible include a dilution of 200c, (10 to the minus 400), repeated or exposed to the cells or organism twice to four times a day. These dilutions 30c and 200c, if exposed to the cells on a daily basis, can be tested for their ability to affect toxicity to the methylation and gene expression pattern; it should create the same epimutations as the material toxic doses of the same substance. This study can help reveal the unique pattern of epimutations for each substance.

Study Two: Reversing Epimutations, Hormesis Effect, Homeostasis is Made Stronger: An ultra-high dilution of any substance 30c or 200c, can be used to reverse an epimutation caused by high doses of the same toxin, being studied; but the repetition is much less often. Time is given to allow for the homeostasis functions to complete themselves between doses. Toxins at certain doses can cause epimutations (toxicogenomics). Half of the cells with epimutations caused by the toxin can now be exposed to doses in an ultra-high dilution of 6c - three times a day or 30c - one dose every three days and or one dose a week of the 200c. The cells exposed to the ultra-high dilutions will most likely show a significant reversal of the epimutation compared to the cells only exposed to the toxin and a placebo. Not all the epimutations will be reversed because some of them have become hybridized with the pre-study generational epimutations. What is the action of the ultra-high dilution? It triggers exactly the opposite effect as the toxic dose. This study proves that within limits epimutations can be reversed. This can become a new method to treat almost any chronic disease because this is the level in which chronic diseases begin.

Study Three: Preconditioning Study: A third study design shows the effect of creating immunity to the toxin’s effect. Stem cells, or line of cells being used in the study, are exposed to a primer of 6c, 30c or 200c for a month before the toxic dose of the same substance is used. There is also a placebo group. One cohort of stem cells are given a dose three times a day if the 6c, another cohort a dose every three days of the 30c and dose or once every week or two weeks for the 200c dose. Now these groups of cells, say the 30c cohort, is divided into three cohorts. One cohort is given a placebo and a second cohort dose is given the same substance in an already established toxic dose - toxic enough to cause epimutation. A third cohort is given just the toxic dose and no primer of the ultra-high dilution. The rate of epimutation development should be significantly less in the groups of cells given the primers of 6c, 30c and 200c, compared to the group of cells only given the toxin. This shows that ultra-high dilutions act to infer immunity.

What is taking place to the filter in the central processor in this example? Epimutations which perpetuate chronic diseases take hold in most cases because the individual involved did not have sufficient immunity to a particular stress or combination of stresses. All organisms are born with areas in the filter of the control center that are very weak and prone to decompensation. This study shows that immunity can be built up as a preventative measure.

These three study designs above can be added to any planned toxicology gene expression study. Many examples of these studies need to be done with slight variations to determine what is the optimal dose frequency for each dilution of 6c, 12c, 30c and 200c? At a certain frequency of dose the 6c, 12c, 30c and 200c show a toxic effect, at less frequent exposure on cells they will do exactly the opposite, prevent that marker change or reverse an epimutation. Typically a 30c dose, to produce benefits will require one week and a 200c dose will require one month but other factors can play a role altering this schedule. If cells for example are near death, they will tolerate and require up to six doses of the 30c in twelve hours to reverse the effect of the toxin. If the toxin effects are very mild and not considered life threatening, then one dose a week of 30c or one dose a month of 200c is sufficient to reverse or prevent any toxic effects. Adjusting the waiting time between doses can reveal the optimal therapeutic dose schedule for each dilution.

Contact to report results obtained from any of the above studies, and or questions regarding study designs: drsteveolsen@gmail.com

Funding

None received.

Data Availability Statement

Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.

Conflict of interest

The author declares no conflict of interest.

Notes

1	Hierarchy: Overall survival —-> brain, then major organs —-> five senses —-> joints and muscles —-> skin and mucous membranes.
2	It has to be nearly instantaneous because survival at times depends on reactions that are needed within mili-seconds.
3	Anecdote: It is very common to fall asleep while driving, but rarely is there an accident as the self preservation set-points activate and wake up the recipient.
4	The time responses to stress are extremely variable; for example to protect an individual from pain there is a threshold to which the control center will put that person to sleep in a matter of seconds. In contrast, the AIDS virus can take ten years to produce any symptoms. Some emotional traumas can be suppressed immediately, leaving no trace, only to appear forty to fifty years later. Drugs are the same; Aconite can cause heart palpitations in seconds just from rubbing the leaves, while lead exposure can take fifty years to show its insidious effects.
5	For example if the compensation rate is 99.9% effective, it will take years to notice any symptoms.
6	How is a new set-point created? As living organisms evolved over billions of years the environment was changing. For example certain organisms learned how to use oxygen and developed oxygen-set points.
7	It is most likely not possible to solve the problem of self-consciousness without taking into account the functions of the central processor.
8	Future study example: The suppression of educational opportunities for women in Afghanistan.
9	A clock can keep time, but in a cell how do atoms arrange themselves to process information? How do atoms retain memories? How do atoms create set-points? They provide a partial explanation, frustratingly never complete.
10	In the quantum world, there is no limit to how many fields can be superimposed on each other, the variety of connections between them resulting in the diversity of molecules, diversity of organisms and diversity of individuals.
11	A carbon atom has an electron field, two quark fields, a strong field holding the protons together and a Higgs field all knowing their roles and able to produce a stable viable carbon atom.
12	Relating to the phrase; “Use it or lose it”.
13	Case study: the individual believes they are a failure. They have actually achieved more than others. Even if they are financially successful and reach all their goals they still feel like a failure. Set-points can hold onto fixed ideas that lead to internal conflicts and eventual pathology.
14	Case study: The individual in a life and death survival struggle on purpose shuts down the connection to the trust set-point. For example the child was betrayed by the parents. Later in life he tries to form a bond to marry. He can’t re-establish that connection, he remains suspicious and isolated. This conflict eventually leads to pathology.
15	Diseases can never be generated from just one influence; there always needs to be a susceptibility and a stressor.
16	Why are smaller doses more effective? This is a subject needing its own paper and subsequent study designs. Small doses are stronger/louder quantum effects, producing unconditional responses.

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