Early Mediterranean-Based Nutritional Intervention Reduces the Rate of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Overweight and Obese Pregnant Women: A Post-Hoc Analysis of the San Carlos Gestational Prevention Study

Rocio Martin-O´Connor; Ana M. Ramos-Leví; Verónica Melero; María Arnoriaga-Rodríguez; Ana Barabash; Johanna Valerio; Laura Del Valle; María Paz De Miguel Novoa; Angel Díiaz; Cristina Familiar; Inmaculada Moraga; Alejandra Durán; Martín Cuesta; Maria Jose Torrejón; Mercedes Martinez-Novillo; Clara Marcuello; Mario Pazos; Miguel Ángel Rubio-Herrera; Pilar Matía-Martín; Alfonso Luis Calle-Pascual

doi:10.20944/preprints202405.1745.v1

Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Version 1 : Received: 27 May 2024 / Approved: 27 May 2024 / Online: 27 May 2024 (13:30:49 CEST)

Obesity is a risk factor for the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, the most optimal type of nutritional intervention to prevent GDM in high-risk women is not clearly defined. This study investigates if nutritional treatment based on the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) before 12th gestational week (GW) in women at high risk due to a body mass index (BMI)≥25kg/m2, reduces the rate of GDM and metabolic syndrome (MetS) at 3 years postpartum. We performed a post-hoc analysis of the San Carlos Gestational Prevention Study. A total of 735 women with BMI≥25kg/m2 were evaluated between 2015-2018, 246 in standard diet control group (CG) and 489 in MedDiet intervention group (IG). The rate of GDM was significantly lower in IG compared to CG (25.1%vs31.7%;p=0.037). Postnatal follow-up was completed by 141 women in CG (57%) and 312 women in IG (64%). At 3 years postpartum, we observed a reduction (relative risk 95% confidence interval) in the rates of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) (0.51 (0.28-0.92);p=0.019), obesity (0.51 (0.28-0.92),p=0.041), waist circumference (WC)≥89.5cm (0.54 (0.31-0.94);p=0.022) and MetS (0.56 (0.33-0.94);p=0.003). MedDiet reduces the rate of GDM and postpartum MetS in women with BMI)≥25kg/m2, suggesting that its implementation should be routinely recommended from the first GWs.

obesity; overweight; metabolic syndrome; fasting blood glucose; mediterranean diet

Medicine and Pharmacology, Dietetics and Nutrition

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Early Mediterranean-Based Nutritional Intervention Reduces the Rate of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Overweight and Obese Pregnant Women: A Post-Hoc Analysis of the San Carlos Gestational Prevention Study

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