Volk, C.F.; Proctor, R.A.; Rose, W.E. The Complex Intracellular Lifecycle of Staphylococcus Aureus Contributes to Reduced Antibiotic Efficacy and Persistent Bacteremia. Int. J. Mol. Sci.2024, 25, 6486.
Volk, C.F.; Proctor, R.A.; Rose, W.E. The Complex Intracellular Lifecycle of Staphylococcus Aureus Contributes to Reduced Antibiotic Efficacy and Persistent Bacteremia. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 6486.
Volk, C.F.; Proctor, R.A.; Rose, W.E. The Complex Intracellular Lifecycle of Staphylococcus Aureus Contributes to Reduced Antibiotic Efficacy and Persistent Bacteremia. Int. J. Mol. Sci.2024, 25, 6486.
Volk, C.F.; Proctor, R.A.; Rose, W.E. The Complex Intracellular Lifecycle of Staphylococcus Aureus Contributes to Reduced Antibiotic Efficacy and Persistent Bacteremia. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 6486.
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia continues to be associated with significant morbidity and mortality, despite improvements in diagnostics and management. Persistent infections pose a major challenge to clinicians and have been consistently shown to increase the risk of mortality and other infectious complications. S. aureus, while typically not considered an intracellular pathogen, has been proven to utilize an intracellular niche, through several phenotypes including small colony variants, as a means for survival that has been linked to chronic, persistent, and recurrent infections. This intracellular persistence allows for protection from the host immune system and leads to reduced antibiotic efficacy through a variety of mechanisms. These include antimicrobial resistance, tolerance, and/or persistence in S. aureus that contribute to persistent bacteremia. This review will discuss the challenges associated with treating these complicated infections and the various methods that S. aureus uses to persist within the intracellular space.
Keywords
antibiotic resistance; small colony variant; relapse; recurrence; bloodstream; host-pathogen
Subject
Medicine and Pharmacology, Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
