Version 1
: Received: 15 April 2024 / Approved: 15 April 2024 / Online: 16 April 2024 (02:21:41 CEST)
How to cite:
Hsu, C.; Jiang, Q.; Rao, S. Category-Based Effect on False Memory of People with Down Syndrome. Preprints2024, 2024040966. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202404.0966.v1
Hsu, C.; Jiang, Q.; Rao, S. Category-Based Effect on False Memory of People with Down Syndrome. Preprints 2024, 2024040966. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202404.0966.v1
Hsu, C.; Jiang, Q.; Rao, S. Category-Based Effect on False Memory of People with Down Syndrome. Preprints2024, 2024040966. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202404.0966.v1
APA Style
Hsu, C., Jiang, Q., & Rao, S. (2024). Category-Based Effect on False Memory of People with Down Syndrome. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202404.0966.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Hsu, C., Qian Jiang and Shi-Yu Rao. 2024 "Category-Based Effect on False Memory of People with Down Syndrome" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202404.0966.v1
Abstract
Background: People with Down syndrome (DS) have a trisomy of chromosome 21 and marked deficits in verbal memory but relatively preserved visuospatial perception. Verbal memories are related to semantic knowledge. Little is known about the organization of semantic knowledge in people with DS, which was the aim of this study. Aims: The extent of false memory in people with DS was examined. Possible differences in the number of false memories induced by nominal and verbal themes were examined. Methods and Procedures: In the study phase, ten word lists with semantically related associates were presented. In the recognition phase, participants made judgments on whether each word had been represented previously as semantically related lures, old words, and semantically unrelated new words. Outcomes and Results: Differences in the processing of nominal and verbal theme-related lures were observed among people with DS. When processing nominal theme-related lures, people with DS showed delayed false positives. When processing verbal theme-related lures, people with DS showed no differences compared to controls. Similar patterns have been observed in people with DS when processing nominal theme-related associates and verbal theme-related associates. People with DS have delayed recognition of associates. When processing unrelated words, they showed significantly higher false positives than controls for both nominal and verbal eliciting themes. Further analyses of the themes revealed differences in false positives across syntactic categories among groups. Conclusions and Implications: People with DS showed a delayed recognition of associates and deviance in recognizing unrelated words in the nominal and verbal theme categories. People with DS were delayed in terms of nouns, but deviated with verbs in associated and unrelated words. Additionally, people with DS showed distinct patterns in processing five nominal lures and three verbal lures, suggesting that they formed false memories differently based on distinct syntactic categories. Thus, it was concluded that people with DS develop a deviant semantic structure. Category-based interventions for people with DS should be implemented in order to improve their semantic knowledge through lexical connections.
Keywords
down syndrome; false memory; concept formation; nouns; verbs
Subject
Social Sciences, Psychology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
